2. The Atmosphere In Motion: Charts, Forces, And Winds. p. 259-278.

3. Global Wind Systems. p. 303-321.

4. Aceituno, P., El Niño, the Southern Oscillation, and ENSO: Confusing Names for a Complex Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1992. 73(4): p. 483-485, Yes.

5. Ackert, R.P., et al., Measurements of Past Ice Sheet Elevations in Interior West Antarctica. Science, 1999. 286: p. 276-280, Yes.

6. Adams, J., Glacial ocean carbon cycle modeling and the enduring question of land carbon. 2001, Yes.

7. Adams, N., H. Hutchinson, and T. Hart, An analysis of TOVS data during the FROST special observing periods. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 1999. June(Special Edition): p. 15-24, Yes.

8. Aharon, P. and J. Chappell, Oxygen Isotopes, Sea Level Changes And The Temperature History Of A Coral Reef Environment In New Guinea Over The Last 10⁵ Years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1986. 56: p. 337-379.

9. Akimoto, H., et al., Long-Range Transport Of Ozone In the East Asian Pacific Rim Region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1999-2010.

10. Allison, I. and A. Worby, Seasonal changes of sea-ice characteristics off East Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 195-201, Yes.

11. Alt, J., P. Astapenko, and N.J. Ropar Jr, Some aspects of the antarctic atmospheric circulation in 1958. 1959, IGY World Data Center A, National Academy of Sciences: Washington, D.C., No.

12. Andersen, B.G., et al., Climate, Vegetation and Glacier Fluctuations In Chile, Between 40-Degrees-30 and 42-Degrees-30s Latitude - a Short Review Of Preliminary Results. Quaternary International, 1995. 28: p. 199-201.

13. Anderson, B.E., et al., Aerosols From Biomass Burning Over the Tropical South Atlantic Region - Distributions and Impacts. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24117-24137.

14. Anderson, B.E., et al., Airborne Observations Of Spatial and Temporal Variability Of Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1985-1997.

15. Anderson, J.B., et al., Evidence for a Grounded Ice Sheet on the Ross Sea Continental Shelf During the Late Pleistocene and Preliminary Paleodrainage Reconstruction, in Contributions to Antarctic Research III. 1992, American Geophysical Union: Washington. p. 39-62, Yes.

16. Anderson, R.Y., Possible connection between surface winds, solar activity and the Earth's magnetic field. Nature, 1992. 358: p. 51-53.

17. Anderson, R.Y., W.E. Dean, and J.P. Bradbury, Elk Lake in perspective, in Elk Lake, Minnesota: Evidence for Rapid Climate Change in the North-Central United States, J.P. Bradbury and W.E. Dean, Editors. 1993, Geological Society of America: Boulder, CO. p. 1-6.

18. Andrews, J.T., Northern Hemisphere (Laurentide) deglaciation; processes and responses of ice sheet/ocean interactions, in Late glacial and postglacial environmental changes; Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic, I.P. Martini, Editor. 1997, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, United States (USA). p. 9-27, Yes.

19. Andronova, N.G. and M.E. Schlesinger, Causes of global temperature changes during the 19th and 20th centuries. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000. 27(14): p. 2137-2140, Yes.

21. Anonymous, ECMWF reanalyses. 1998, NCAR.

22. Anonymous, The Argos System. 1999, Argos, Inc.

23. Anonymous, ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) Project. 1999, ECMWF.

24. Anonymous, All About EASE-Grid. 2002, National Snow and Ice Data Center.

25. Antoine, D., J.-M. André, and A. Morel, Oceanic Primary Production .2. Estimation At Global Scale From Satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) Chlorophyll. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1996. 10(1): p. 57-69.

26. Antoine, D. and A. Morel, Oceanic Primary Production .1. Adaptation Of a Spectral Light-Photosynthesis Model In View Of Application to Satellite Chlorophyll Observations. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1996. 10(1): p. 43-55.

27. Appenzeller, C., T.F. Stocker, and M. Anklin, North Atlantic oscillation dynamics recorded in Greenland ice cores. Science, 1998. 282(5388): p. 446-449.

28. Archer, D.E., An Atlas Of the Distribution Of Calcium Carbonate In Sediments Of the Deep Sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1996. 10(1): p. 159-174.

29. Archer, D.E., et al., Daily, Seasonal and Interannual Variability Of Sea-Surface Carbon and Nutrient Concentration In the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1996. 43(4-6): p. 779-808.

30. Armstrong, R.L. and M.J. Brodzik, An earth-gridded SSM/I data set for cryospheric studies and global change monitoring. Advances in Space Research, 1995. 10: p. 155-163, No.

31. Atl, B.T., D.A. Fisher, and R.M. Koerner, Climatic Conditions for the Period Surrounding the Tambora Signal in Ice Cores from the Canadian High Arctic Islands.

32. Atl, B.T., et al., Arctic Climate During the Franklin Era, As Deduced From Ice Cores. p. 69-92.

33. Bachmeier, A.S. and H.E. Fuelberg, A Meteorological Overview Of the Trace A Period. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 23881-23888.

34. Bachmeier, A.S., et al., PEM-WEST A - Meteorological Overview. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1655-1677.

35. Bailey, D.A. and A.H. Lynch, Development of an antarctic regional climate system model. Part I: Sea ice and large-scale circulation. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13(8): p. 1337-1350, Yes.

36. Bailey, D.A. and A.H. Lynch, Development of an Antarctic regional climate system model. Part II: Station validation and surface energy balance. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13(8): p. 1351-1361, Yes.

37. Baker, A., et al., Visualisation of luminescence excitation-emission timeseries: palaeoclimate implications from a 10,000 year stalagmite record from Ireland. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000. 27(14): p. 2145-2148, Yes.

38. Bales, R., J. Dibb, and A. Neftel. Processes of snow-atmosphere chemical exchange related to interpretation of GISP2 ice core. 1992.

39. Bales, R.C. and R.F. Harrington, Recent Progress In Snow Hydrology [Review]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1995. 33(Part 2 Suppl S): p. 1011-1020.

40. Bales, R.C., et al., H₂O₂ In Snow, Air and Open Pore Space In Firn At Summit, Greenland. Geophysical Research Letters, 1995. 22(10): p. 1261-1264.

42. Bales, R.C. and E.W. Wolff, Interpreting Natural Climate Signals in Ice Cores. Eos Transactions of the AGU, 1995. 76(47): p. 477, 482-483.

43. Bamber, J.L., A digital elevation model of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from ERS-1 altimeter data and comparison with terrestrial measurements. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 48-54, Yes.

45. Barker, P.F., The Sedimentary Record of Antarctic Climate Change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 259-267, Yes.

46. Barlow, L.K., et al., Aspects Of Climate Variability In the North Atlantic Sector - Discussion and Relation to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 High-Resolution Isotopic Signal. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26333-26344.

47. Barnett, T.P., Comparison of Near-Surface Air Temperature Variability in 11 Coupled Global Climate Models. Journal of Climate, 1999. 12: p. 511-518, Yes.

48. Barrie, L.A., Atmospheric particles: their physical and chemical characteristics, and deposition processes relevant to the chemical composition of glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 1985. 7: p. 100-108, Yes.

49. Barrie, L.A., D. Fisher, and R.M. Koerner, Twentieth century trends in Arctic air pollution revealed by conductivity and acidity observations in snow and ice in the Canadian High Arctic. Atmospheric Environment, 1985. 19(12): p. 2055-2063.

50. Barron, E.J., Climate Models: How Reliable Are Their Predictions? 1995, GCRIO.

51. Barron, E.J., et al., A Simulation of Midcretaceous Climate. Paleoceanography, 1995. 10(5): p. 953-962, Yes.

52. Barron, J., B. Larsen, and J.G. Baldauf, Evidence for Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Antarctic Glaciation and Observations on Late Neogene Glacial History of Antarctica: Results from Leg 119, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 1991. p. 869-891, Yes.

53. Barry, R.G. and A.M. Carleton, Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology. 2001, New York: Routledge. 620, No.

54. Battle, M., et al., Atmospheric Gas Concentrations Over the Past Century Measured In Air From Firn At the South Pole. Nature, 1996. 383(6597): p. 231-235.

55. Baumgartner, S., et al., Chlorine 36 Fallout In the Summit Greenland Ice Core Project Ice Core. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26659-26662.

56. Behl, R.J. and J.P. Kennett, Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature, 1996. 379: p. 243-246.

57. Belkin, I.M. and A.L. Gordon, Southern Ocean Fronts From The Greenwich Meridian To Tasmania [Review]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1996. 101(C2): p. 3675-3696.

58. Bender, M., et al., Climate Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica During the Past 100,000 Years. Nature, 1994. 372(6507): p. 663-666, Yes.

59. Bender, M., T. Sowers, and L. Labeyrie, The Dole Effect and Its Variations During the Last 130,000 Years As Measured In the Vostok Ice Core. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1994. 8(3): p. 363-376, Partial.

60. Bender, M., T. Sowers, and V. Lipenkov, On the Concentrations Of O₂, N₂, and Ar In Trapped Gases From Ice Cores. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995. 100(D9): p. 18651-18660.

61. Bender, M.L., et al., Changes In the O₂-N₂ Ratio Of the Atmosphere During Recent Decades Reflected In the Composition Of Air In the Firn At Vostok Station, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 1994. 21(3): p. 189-192, Yes.

62. Benoist, J.P., et al., Isotope climatic record over the last 2,500 years from Dome C (Antarctica) ice cores. Annals of Glaciology, 1982. 3: p. 17-22, No.

63. Bentley, C.R., Rapid Sea-Level Rise Soon from West Antarctic Ice Sheet Collapse? Science, 1997. 275(21 February 1997): p. 1077-1078.

64. Berger, A. and M.F. Loutre, Insolation Values for the Climate of the Last 10 Million Years. Quaternary Sciences Review, 1991. 10(4): p. 297-317.

65. Berger, W.H., V.S. Smetacek, and G. Wefer. Ocean Productivity and Paleoproductivity - An Overview. in Productivity of the Oceans: Present and Past. 1989. Dahlem: John Wiley & Sons.

66. Bergin, M.H., et al., A Simple Model to Estimate Atmospheric Concentrations Of Aerosol Chemical Species Based On Snow Core Chemistry At Summit, Greenland. Geophysical Research Letters, 1995. 22(24): p. 3517-3520, Yes.

67. Bergin, M.H., et al., The contributions of wet, fog and dry deposition to the summer SO₄^2- flux at Summit, Greenland, in Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, R.J. Delmas, Editor. 1995, Springer-Verlag. p. 121-138.

68. Bergin, M.H., et al., Fluxes of chemical species to the Greenland ice sheet at Summit by fog and dry deposition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994. 58: p. 3207-3215, Yes.

69. Bergin, M.H., et al., The contributions of snow, fog and dry deposition to the summer fluxes of major anions and cations at Summit, Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995. 100(D8): p. 16,275-16,288, Yes.

70. Bergin, M.H., et al., Relationship between continuous aerosol measurements and firn core chemistry over a 10-year period at the south pole. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998. 25(8): p. 1189-1192, Yes.

71. Bergin, M.H., et al., Modeling Of the Processing and Removal Of Trace Gas and Aerosol Species By Arctic Radiation Fogs and Comparison With Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1996. 101(D9): p. 14465-14478.

72. Berner, R.A., A.C. Lasaga, and R.M. Garrels, The Carbonate-Silicate Geochemical Cycle and Its Effect on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Over the Past 100 Million Years. American Journal of Science, 1983. 283: p. 641-683, Yes.

73. Berresheim, H., P. Wine, and D.D. Davis, Sulfur in the atmosphere, in Composition, Chemistry, and Climate of the Atmosphere. p. 251-307.

74. Bhandari, N., P.N. Shukla, and R.J. Azmi, Positive Europium Anomaly at the Permo-Triassic Boundary, Spiti, India. Geophysical Research Letters, 1992. 19(15): p. 1531-1534, Yes.

75. Bianchi, T.S., J.E. Dibb, and S. Findlay, Early Diagenesis of Plant Pigments in Hudson River Sediments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1993. 36: p. 517-527.

76. Bice, K.L., et al., Quantifying the role of geographic change in Cenozoic ocean heat transport using uncoupled atmosphere and ocean models. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2000. 161(3-4): p. 295-310, Yes.

77. Bice, K.L., et al., Quantifying the role of geographic change in Cenozoic ocean heat transport using uncoupled atmosphere and ocean models (vol 161, pg 295, 2000). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2001. 166(3-4): p. 425-425, Yes.

78. Bindschadler, R., Future of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science, 1998. 282: p. 428-429, Yes.

79. Bindschadler, R. and P. Vornberger, Changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Since 1963 from Declassified Satellite Photography. Science, 1998. 279: p. 689-692, Yes.

80. Biscaye, P.E., et al., Asian Provenance Of Glacial Dust (Stage 2) In the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26765-26781.

81. Bishop, G.A., et al., A Cost-Effectiveness Study of Carbon Monoxide Emissions Reduction Utilizing Remote Sensing. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1993. 43: p. 978-988.

83. Bloomfield, P., et al., Accounting For Meteorological Effects In Measuring Urban Ozone Levels and Trends. Atmospheric Environment, 1996. 30(17): p. 3067-3077.

84. Blunier, T. and E.J. Brook, Timing of millennial-scale climate change in Antarctica and Greenland during the last glacial period. Science, 2001. 291(5501): p. 109-112, Yes.

85. Blunier, T., et al., Variations in atmospheric methane concentration during the Holocene epoch. Nature, 1995. 374(2 March 1995): p. 46-48.

86. Blunier, T., et al., Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period. Nature, 1998. 394: p. 739-743, Yes.

88. Bodhaine, B.A., Central Antarctica: Atmospheric Chemical Composition and Atmospheric Transport, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 145-172, No.

89. Bond, G.C., Oceanography - Climate and the Conveyor. Nature, 1995. 377(6548): p. 383-384.

90. Bond, G.C. and R. Lotti, Iceberg Discharges into the North Atlantic on Millenial Time Scales During the Last Glaciation. Science, 1995. 267(17 February): p. 1005-1010.

91. Borisenkov, E.P. and L.V. Dolganov, Some results of climatic generalization of meteorological observations in the Antarctic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1982. 87(C12): p. 9653-9666, Yes.

92. Borys, R.D., et al., Field observations, measurements, and preliminary results from a study of wet deposition processes influencing snow and ice chemistry at Summit, Greenland, in Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Processes, S.E. Schwarz and W.G.N. Slinn, Editors. 1992, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. p. 1693-1702.

93. Bourgeois, J.C., R.M. Koerner, and B.T. Alt, Airborne Pollen: A Unique Air Mass Tracer, Its Influx To The Canadian High Arctic. Annals of Glaciology, 1985. 7: p. 109-116.

94. Boutron, C.F. and E.W. Wolff, Heavy metal and sulphur emissions to the atmosphere from human activities in Antarctica. Atmospheric Environment, 1989. 23(8): p. 1669-1675.

95. Bowring, S.A., et al., U/Pb Zircon Geochronology and Tempo of the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Science, 1998. 280: p. 1039-1045, Yes.

97. Braaten, D.A., A new technique to provide high time resolution snowpack dating for stratigraphy and chemistry assessments. Atmospheric Environment, 1995. 29(18): p. 2535-2539, Yes.

98. Braaten, D.A. Precipitation, Winds, and Net Snow Accumulation: What's Really Going On? (abstract). in Fourth Annual WAIS Workshop. 1997. Sterling, Va.: National Science Foundation.

99. Braaten, D.A., A detailed assessment of snow accumulation in katabatic wind areas on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D25): p. 30,047-30,058, Yes.

100. Braaten, D.A. Direct Measurements of Episodic Snow Accumulation on the Antarctic Polar Plateau (abstract). in Chapman Conference: The West Antarctic Ice Sheet. 1998. Orono, ME: American Geophysical Union.

101. Bradbury, D., State wants EPA to admit dirty air is from Midwest, in Maine Sunday Telegram. 1995: Portland.

102. Bradley, R.S., Quaternary Paleoclimatology: Methods of Paleoclimatic Reconstruction. 1985, London: Chapman & Hall.

103. Bradley, R.S., et al., ENSO signal in continental temperature and precipitation records. Nature, 1987. 327(11 June 1987): p. 497-501.

104. Bradley, R.S., F.T. Keimig, and H.F. Diaz, Recent Changes In the North American Arctic Boundary Layer In Winter - Reply. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D3): p. 7135-7136.

105. Bray, D. and H. von Storch, Climate science: An empirical example of postnormal science. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1999. 80(3): p. 439-455, Yes.

106. Briegleb, B.P. and D.H. Bromwich, Polar radiation budgets of the NCAR CCM3. Journal of Climate, 1998. 11(6): p. 1246-1269, No.

107. Briegleb, B.P. and D.H. Bromwich, Polar climate simulation of the NCAR CCM3. Journal of Climate, 1998. 11(6): p. 1270-1286, No.

108. Broecker, W., G. Bond, and J. McManus, Heinrich events: triggers of ocean circulation change?, in Ice in the Climate System, W.R. Peltier, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 161-166, Yes.

109. Broecker, W.S., The Biggest Chill. Natural History, 1987(October): p. 74-82, Yes.

110. Broecker, W.S., Some thoughts about the radiocarbon budget for the glacial Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 1989. 4(2): p. 213-220, Yes.

111. Broecker, W.S., Chaotic Climate. Scientific American, 1995. 273(5): p. 62-68, See original issue.

113. Broecker, W.S., The End of the Present Interglacial: How and When? Quaternary Sciences Review, 1998. 17: p. 689-694, Yes.

114. Broecker, W.S., Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: A bipolar seesaw? Paleoceanography, 1998. 13(2): p. 119-121, Yes.

115. Broecker, W.S., et al., A Salt Oscillator in the Glacial Atlantic? 1. The Concept. Paleoceanography, 1990. 5(4): p. 469-477, Yes.

116. Broecker, W.S. and T.-H. Peng, The Sedimentary Sink, in Tracers in the Sea. 1982, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory: Palisades, NY. p. 45-93.

117. Broecker, W.S. and S. Sutherland, Distribution of carbonate ion in the deep ocean: Support for a post-Little Ice Age change in Southern Ocean ventilation? Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2000. 1: p. 10, Yes.

118. Bromwich, D.H., Intra-annual relationships between oxygen-isotopic composition of precipitation and temperature at the South Pole. Antarctic Journal, 1982(1982 Review).

119. Bromwich, D.H., Snowfall in high southern latitudes. Reviews of Geophysics, 1988. 26(1): p. 149-168.

120. Bromwich, D.H., Satellite Analyses of Antarctic Katabatic Wind Behavior. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1989. 70(7): p. 738-749, No.

121. Bromwich, D.H., An Extraordinary Katabatic Wind Regime at Terra-Nova Bay, Antarctica. Monthly Weather Review, 1989. 117(3): p. 688-695, No.

122. Bromwich, D.H., Estimates of Antarctic precipitation. Nature, 1990. 343: p. 627-629.

123. Bromwich, D.H., Mesoscale Cyclogenesis over the Southwestern Ross Sea Linked to Strong Katabatic Winds. Monthly Weather Review, 1991. 119(7): p. 1736-1752, No.

124. Bromwich, D.H., A Satellite Case-Study of a Katabatic Surge Along the Transantarctic Mountains. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1992. 13(1): p. 55-66, No.

125. Bromwich, D.H., Special Section on Iugg Symposium M-12 on Antarctic Atmospheric Circulation - Introduction. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1993. 98(D7): p. 12931-12931, No.

126. Bromwich, D.H., Introduction to special section: Synoptic and mesoscale weather systems in the polar regions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1997. 102(D12): p. 13727-13729, No.

127. Bromwich, D.H., A.M. Carleton, and T.R. Parish, A Review of Precipitation-Related Aspects of West Antarctic Meterology. 1990, SeaRISE Workshop, Yes.

128. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Hemispheric Atmospheric Variations and Oceanographic Impacts Associated with Katabatic Surges across the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1993. 98(D7): p. 13045-13062, No.

129. Bromwich, D.H., J.F. Carrasco, and C.R. Stearns, Satellite-Observations of Katabatic-Wind Propagation for Great Distances across the Ross Ice Shelf. Monthly Weather Review, 1992. 120(9): p. 1940-1949, No.

130. Bromwich, D.H. and J.J. Cassano, Meeting summary: Antarctic Weather Forecasting Workshop. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2001. 82(7): p. 1409-1414, Yes.

131. Bromwich, D.H., B. Chen, and K.M. Hines, Global atmospheric impacts induced by year-round open water adjacent to Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1998. 103(D10): p. 11173-11189, Yes.

132. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Global atmospheric responses to Antarctic forcing, in Annals of Glaciology, Vol 27, 1998. 1998. p. 521-527, No.

133. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Precipitation over Greenland and its relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1999. 104(D18): p. 22103-22115, No.

134. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Evaluation of recent precipitation studies for Greenland ice sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1998. 103(D20): p. 26007-26024, No.

135. Bromwich, D.H., R.I. Cullather, and R.W. Grumbine, An assessment of the NCEP operational global spectral model forecasts and analyses for Antarctica during FROST. Weather and Forecasting, 1999. 14(6): p. 835-850, Yes.

136. Bromwich, D.H., R.I. Cullather, and M.L. Van Woert, Antarctic precipitation and its contribution to the global sea-level budget. Annals of Glaciology, 1998. 27: p. 220-226, Yes.

137. Bromwich, D.H., Y. Du, and K.M. Hines, Wintertime surface winds over the Greenland Ice Sheet. Monthly Weather Review, 1996. 124(9): p. 1941-1947, No.

138. Bromwich, D.H., Y. Du, and T.R. Parish, Numerical Simulation of Winter Katabatic Winds from West Antarctica Crossing Siple Coast and the Ross Ice Shelf. Monthly Weather Review, 1994. 122: p. 1417-1435.

139. Bromwich, D.H. and D.D. Kurtz, Experiences of Scott's Northern Party: Evidence for a relationship between winter Katabatic winds and the Terra Nova Bay Polynya. Polar Record, 1982. 21(131): p. 137-146.

140. Bromwich, D.H. and D.D. Kurtz, Katabatic Wind Forcing of The Terra Nova Bay Polynya. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984. 89(C3): p. 3561-3572.

141. Bromwich, D.H. and Z. Liu, An observational study of the katabatic wind confluence zone near Siple Coast, West Antarctica. Monthly Weather Review, 1996. 124(3): p. 462-477, No.

142. Bromwich, D.H., A.J. Monaghan, and Z. Guo, Modeling the ENSO modulation of Antarctic climate in the late 1990s with Polar MM5. Journal of Climate, accepted, Yes.

143. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS): A case study from the 2000-01 field season. Monthly Weather Review, 2003. 131(2): p. 412-434, Yes.

144. Bromwich, D.H. and T.R. Parish, Antarctica: Barometer of Climate Change. 1998, The Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, Yes.

145. Bromwich, D.H., T.R. Parish, and C.A. Zorman, The Confluence Zone of the Intense Katabatic Winds at Terra- Nova Bay, Antarctica, as Derived from Airborne Sastrugi Surveys and Mesoscale Numerical Modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1990. 95(D5): p. 5495-5509, No.

146. Bromwich, D.H. and F.M. Robasky, Recent precipitation trends over the polar ice sheets. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 1993. 51: p. 259-274, Yes.

147. Bromwich, D.H., et al., The Atmospheric Hydrologic Cycle over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica from Operational Numerical Analyses. Monthly Weather Review, 1995. 123(12): p. 3518-3538, No.

148. Bromwich, D.H., et al., Modeled Variations of Precipitation over the Greenland Ice- Sheet. Journal of Climate, 1993. 6(7): p. 1253-1268, No.

149. Bromwich, D.H. and A.N. Rogers, The El Niño-Southern Oscillation Modulation of West Antarctic Precipitation, in The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior and Environment, R.B. Alley and R. Bindschadler, Editors. 2000, AGU: Washington, D.C., Yes, Draft.

150. Bromwich, D.H., et al., ECMWF Analyses and Reanalyses Depiction of ENSO Signal in Antarctic Precipitation. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13: p. 1406-1420, Yes.

151. Bromwich, D.H. and C.R. Stearns, eds. Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology: Studies Based on Automatic Weather Stations. Antarctic Research Series, ed. D.H. Elliot, et al. Vol. 61. 1993, American Geophysical Union: Washington, D.C. 207, No.

152. Bromwich, D.H., R.Y. Tzeng, and T.R. Parish, Simulation Of the Modern Arctic Climate By the NCAR-CCM1. Journal of Climate, 1994. 7(7): p. 1050-1069.

154. Brook, E.J., et al., Constraints On Age, Erosion, and Uplift Of Neogene Glacial Deposits In the Transantarctic Mountains Determined From In Situ Cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26. Geology, 1995. 23(12): p. 1063-1066.

155. Brook, E.J., et al., Cosmogenic Nuclide Exposure Ages Along a Vertical Transect In Western Norway - Implications For the Height Of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Geology, 1996. 24(3): p. 207-210.

156. Brook, E.J., T. Sowers, and J. Orchardo, Rapid Variations In Atmospheric Methane Concentration During the Past 110,000 Years. Science, 1996. 273: p. 1087-1091.

157. Browell, E.V., et al., Ozone and Aerosol Distributions and Air Mass Characteristics Over the South Atlantic Basin During the Burning Season. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24043-24068.

158. Browell, E.V., et al., Large-Scale Air Mass Characteristics Observed Over Western Pacific During Summertime. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1691-1712.

159. Bryson, R.A., The paradigm of climatology: An essay. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1997. 78(3): p. 449-455, Yes.

160. Buck, C.F., et al., Determination of major ions in snow and ice cores by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 1992. 594: p. 225-228.

161. Budd, W.F., P.A. Reid, and L.J. Minty, Antarctic moisture flux and net accumulation from global atmospheric analyses. Annals of Glaciology, 1995. 21: p. 149-156, Yes.

162. Bull, C., Snow Accumulation in Antarctica, in Research in the Antarctic. 1971, Am. Assoc. for the Adv. of Sci.: Washington, D. C. p. 367-421.

163. Byrkit, D.R., Statistics Today: A Comprehensive Introduction. 1987, Reading, MA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. 850.

164. Callaghan, T.V., M. Sonesson, and L. Somme, Responses of Terrestrial Plants and Invertebrates to Environmental Change at High Latitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 279-288, Yes.

165. Campbell, I.H., et al., Synchronism of the Siberian Traps and the Permian-Triassic Boundary. Science, 1992. 258: p. 1760-1763, Yes.

166. Campin, J.-M., T. Fichefet, and J.-C. Duplessy, Problems with using radiocarbon to infer ocean ventilation rates for past and present climates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999. 165: p. 17-24, Yes.

167. Carleton, A.M., Monthly variability of satellite-derived cyclonic activity for the southern hemisphere winter. Journal of Climatology, 1981. 1: p. 21-38, Yes.

168. Carleton, A.M., Antarctic Climates, in Encyclopedia of Climatology, J.E. Oliver and R.W. Fairbridge, Editors. 1987, Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York. p. 44-64, Yes.

169. Carleton, A.M., Sea Ice-Atmosphere Signal of the Southern Oscillation in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Climate, 1988. 1(4): p. 379-388, Yes.

170. Carleton, A.M., Synoptic interactions between Antarctica and lower latitudes. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 1992. 40: p. 129-147, Yes.

171. Carleton, A.M., On the Interpretation and Classification of Mesoscale Cyclones from Satellite Infrared Imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1995. 16(13): p. 2457-2485, Yes.

172. Carleton, A.M., Methodology in climatology. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1999. 89(4): p. 713-735, Yes.

173. Carleton, A.M. ENSO Teleconnections with Antarctica. in Antarctic Weather Forecasting Workshop. 2000. Columbus, OH: Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University.

174. Carleton, A.M. and D.A. Carpenter, Satellite Climatology of Polar Lows and Broadscale Climatic Associations for the Southern-Hemisphere. International Journal of Climatology, 1990. 10(3): p. 219-246, Yes.

175. Carleton, A.M. and M. Fitch, Synoptic Aspects of Antarctic Mesocyclones. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1993. 98(D7): p. 12997-13018, Yes.

176. Carleton, A.M., G. John, and R. Welsch, Interannual variations and regionality of Antarctic sea-ice- temperature associations, in Annals of Glaciology, Vol 27, 1998. 1998. p. 403-408, Yes.

177. Carleton, A.M. and Y.D. Song, Synoptic climatology, and intrahemispheric associations, of cold air mesocyclones in the Australasian sector. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1997. 102(D12): p. 13873-13887, Yes.

178. Carleton, A.M. and D. Whalley, Eddy Transport of Sensible Heat and the Life-History of Synoptic Systems - a Statistical-Analysis for the Southern- Hemisphere Winter. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 1988. 38(3): p. 140-152, Yes.

179. Carrasco, J.F. and D.H. Bromwich, Mesoscale Cyclogenesis Dynamics over the Southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1993. 98(D7): p. 12973-12995, No.

180. Carrasco, J.F. and D.H. Bromwich, Climatological Aspects Of Mesoscale Cyclogenesis Over the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf Regions Of Antarctica. Monthly Weather Review, 1994. 122(11): p. 2405-2425.

181. Carrasco, J.F. and D.H. Bromwich, A Case-Study of a Midtropospheric Subsynoptic-Scale Cyclone That Developed over the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 1995. 7(2): p. 199-210, No.

182. Carrasco, J.F., D.H. Bromwich, and Z. Liu, Mesoscale cyclone activity over Antarctica during 1991, 1, Marie Byrd Land. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102: p. 13,923-13,937.

183. Carrasco, J.F., D.H. Bromwich, and Z. Liu, Mesoscale Cyclone Activity Over Antarctica During 1991 .2. Near the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D12): p. 13939-13954.

184. Carrasco, J.F., D.H. Bromwich, and A.J. Monaghan, Distribution and characteristics of mesoscale cyclones in the Antarctic: Ross Sea eastward to the Weddell Sea. Monthly Weather Review, 2003. 131(2): p. 289-301.

185. Cassano, J.J., et al., Evaluation of polar MM5 simulations of Greenland's atmospheric circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2001. 106(D24): p. 33867-33889, Yes.

186. Cattle, H., J.M. Murphy, and C.A. Senior, The Response of Antarctic Climate in General Circulation Model Experiments with Transiently Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentrations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 209-218, Yes.

187. Cerling, T.E., B.L. Pederson, and K.L. Von Damm, Sodium-calcium ion exchange in the weathering of shales: Implications for global weathering budgets. Geology, 1989. 17(June): p. 552-554.

188. Cess, R.D., et al., Intercomparison and Interpretation of Climate Feedback Processes in 19 Atmospheric General Circulation Models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1990. 95(D10): p. 16601-16615, Yes.

189. Chamberlin, T.C., An attempt to frame a working hypothesis of the cause of glacial periods on an atmospheric basis. Journal of Geology, 1899. 7: p. 545-584,667-685,751-787, Yes.

190. Chappell, J., et al., Reconciliation Of Late Quaternary Sea Levels Derived From Coral Terraces At Huon Peninsula With Deep Sea Oxygen Isotope Records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1996. 141: p. 227-236.

191. Chappell, J., et al., Revised Late Quaternary Sea Levels Between 70 And 30 Ka From Coral Terraces At Huon Peninsula, in Study on Coral Reef Terraces of the Huon Peninsula, Papua, New Guinea. 1994.

192. Chappell, J., Y. Ota, and K. Berryman, Late Quaternary Coseismic Uplift History Of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1996. 15(1): p. 7-22.

193. Chappell, J. and H. Polach, Post-glacial sea-level rise from a coral record at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Nature, 1991. 349.

194. Chappell, J. and N.J. Shackleton, Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature, 1986. 324.

197. Charles, C.D. and R.G. Fairbanks, Evidence from Southern Ocean sediments for the effect of North Atlantic deep-water flux on climate. Nature, 1992. 355, Yes.

198. Charles, C.D., et al., Glacial-Interglacial Changes in Moisture Sources for Greenland: Influences on the Ice Core Record of Climate. Science, 1994. 263.

199. Charles, C.D., et al., Climate connections between the hemisphere revealed by deep sea sediment core/ice core correlations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1996. 142: p. 19-27, Yes.

200. Charles, C.D., et al., Glacial-Interglacial Changes In Moisture Sources For Greenland - Influences On the Ice Core Record Of Climate. Science, 1994. 263(5146): p. 508-511.

201. Charlson, R.J., et al., Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature, 1987. 326: p. 655-661.

202. Chatfield, R.B., et al., A General Model Of How Fire Emissions and Chemistry Produce African/Oceanic Plumes (O-3, Co, Pan, Smoke) In Trace A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24279-24306.

203. Chen, B., et al., Simulations of the 1979-88 polar climates by global climate models. Annals of Glaciology, 1995. 21: p. 83-90, Yes.

204. Chen, B., S.R. Smith, and D.H. Bromwich, Evolution of the tropospheric split jet over the South Pacific Ocean during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle. Monthly Weather Review, 1996. 124: p. 1711-1731.

205. Chen, J., et al., Timescale and paleoceanographic implications of a 3.6 m.y. oxygen isotope record from the northeast Indian Ocean (Ocean Drilling Progra site 758). Paleoceanography, 1995. 10(1): p. 21-47.

206. Chen, J.H., et al., Precise chronology of the last interglacial period:

207. Chen, Q.S., L.S. Bai, and D.H. Bromwich, A harmonic-Fourier spectral limited-area model with an external wind lateral boundary condition. Monthly Weather Review, 1997. 125(1): p. 143-167, No.

208. Chen, Q.S., Y.H. Kuo, and D.H. Bromwich, A balanced ageostrophic initialization with a fixed external wind boundary value for limited-area models. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 1996. 74(3): p. 325-342, No.

209. Chen, Q.-S., D.H. Bromwich, and L. Bai, Precipitation over Greenland retrieved by a dynamic method and its relation to cyclonic activity. Journal of Climate, 1997. 10(5): p. 839-870, Yes.

210. Chenoweth, M., Ships' logbooks and "The Year Without a Summer". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1996. 77(9): p. 2077-2093, Yes.

211. CIA, Polar Regions Atlas. 1978: Central Intelligence Agency.

212. Ciais, P., et al., A Three-Dimensional Synthesis Study Of Delta-O-18 In Atmospheric Co2 .1. Surface Fluxes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D5): p. 5857-5872.

213. Ciais, P. and J. Jouzel, Deuterium and Oxygen 18 In Precipitation - Isotopic Model, Including Mixed Cloud Processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994. 99(D8): p. 16793-16803.

214. Ciais, P., et al., Holocene temperature variations inferred from six Antarctic ice cores. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 427-436.

215. Ciais, P., et al., A Three-Dimensional Synthesis Study Of Delta-O-18 In Atmospheric Co2 .2. Simulations With the Tm2 Transport Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D5): p. 5873-5883.

216. Ciais, P., et al., The origin of present-day Antarctic precipitation from surface snow deuterium excess data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995. 100(D9): p. 18917-18927, Yes.

217. Cicerone, R.J., et al., Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions. 2001, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 29, Yes.

219. Clark, D., Understanding canonical correlation analysis. Concepts and techniques in modern geography ; no 3. 1975, Norwich: Geo Abstracts Ltd. 36.

220. Clark, D.L., et al., Conodont Survival and Low Iridium Abundances Across the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China. Science, 1986. 233: p. 984-986, Yes.

221. Clarke, A. and J.A. Crame, The Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna and Climate Change: A Historical Perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 299-309, Yes.

222. Clarke, T., A Crustal-Scale Seismic Study of the Byrd Subglacial Basin, Antarctica, in Geophysics. 1996, University of Wisconsin - Madison: Madison, WI.

223. Clausen, H.B., et al., A Comparison Of the Volcanic Records Over the Past 4000 Years From the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland Ice Cores. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26707-26723.

224. Clausen, H.B. and C.C. Langway, Jr. The Ionic Deposits in Polar Ice Cores. in The Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice Sheets. 1989. Dahlem: John Wiley & Sons.

225. Clement, A.C. and A.L. Gordon, The Absolute Velocity Field Of Agulhas Eddies and the Benguela Current. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1995. 100(C11): p. 22591-22601.

226. CLIMAP Project Members, The Surface of the Ice-Age Earth. Science, 1976. 191: p. 1131-1137, Yes.

227. COHMAP Members, Climatic Changes of the Last 18,000 Years: Observations and Model Simulations. Science, 1988. 241: p. 1043-1052, Yes.

228. Cole, J.E., R.G. Fairbanks, and G.T. Shen, Recent Variability in the Southern Oscillation: Isotopic Results from a Tarawa Atoll Coral. Science, 1993. 260(18 June): p. 1790-1793.

229. Cole, J.E., et al., Coral monitors of El Niño/Southern Oscillation dynamics across the equatorial Pacific, in El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation, H.F. Diaz and V. Markgraf, Editors. 1992. p. 349-375.

230. Collins, L.B., et al., Holocene growth history of a reef complex on a cool-water carbonate margin: Easter Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, Eastern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1993. 115: p. 29-46.

231. Colwell, S. and J. Turner, Antarctic meteorological observations on the GTS during the FROST project. Weather and Forecasting, 1999. 14(6): p. 811-816, Yes.

232. Comiso, J.C., Variability and trends in Antarctic surface temperatures from in situ and satellite infrared measurements. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13(10): p. 1674-1696, Yes.

233. Comiso, J.C. and A.L. Gordon, Cosmonaut Polynya In the Southern Ocean - Structure and Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1996. 101(C8): p. 18297-18313.

234. Connolley, W.M., Variability in annual mean circulation in southern high latitudes. Climate Dynamics, 1997. 13(10): p. 745-756, Yes.

235. Connolley, W.M. and S.A. Harangozo, A comparison of five numerical weather prediction analysis climatologies in southern high latitudes. Journal of Climate, 2001. 14(1): p. 30-44, Yes.

236. Conway, H., et al., Past and Future Grounding-Line Retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science, 1999. 286: p. 280-283, Yes.

237. Cook, E.R., B.M. Buckley, and R.D. D'Arrigo, Inter-decadal climate oscillations in the Tasmanian sector of the Southern Hemisphere: Evidence from tree rings over the past three millennia, in Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2,000 years, P.D. Jones, R.S. Bradley, and J. Jouzel, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 141-160.

238. Courtillot, V., Mass extinctions in the last 300 million years: One impact and seven flood basalts? Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 1994. 43: p. 255-266, Yes.

239. Cragin, J.H., M.M. Herron, and C.C. Langway, Jr., The chemistry of 700 years of precipitation at Dye 3, Greenland. 1975, CRREL.

240. Crowley, T.J., W.T. Hyde, and W.R. Peltier, CO2 levels required for deglaciation of a "Near-Snowball" Earth. Geophysical Research Letters, 2001. 28(2): p. 283-286, Yes.

241. Croxall, J.P., Southern Ocean Environmental Changes: Effects on Seabird, Seal and Whale Populations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 319-328, Yes.

242. Crozaz, G., Fission products in Antarctic snow, An additional reference level in January 1965. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1969. 6: p. 6-8.

243. Cuffey, K.M. and G.D. Clow, Temperature, Accumulation, and Ice Sheet Elevation In Central Greenland Through the Last Deglacial Transition. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26383-26396.

244. Cuffey, K.M. and S.J. Marshall, Substantial contribution to sea-level rise during the last interglacial from the Greenland ice sheet. Nature, 2000. 404(6778): p. 591-594, Yes.

245. Cullather, R.I. and D.H. Bromwich, The atmospheric hydrologic cycle over the Arctic basin from reanalyses. Part I: Comparison with observations and previous studies. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13(5): p. 923-937.

246. Cullather, R.I., D.H. Bromwich, and R.W. Grumbine, Validation of operational numerical analyses in Antarctic latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1997. 102(D12): p. 13761-13784, Yes.

247. Cullather, R.I., D.H. Bromwich, and M.L. Van Woert, Interannual variations in Antarctic precipitation related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101: p. 19,109-19,118.

248. Cullather, R.I., D.H. Bromwich, and M.L. Van Woert, Spatial and temporal variability of Antarctic precipitation from atmospheric methods. Journal of Climate, 1998. 11: p. 334-367, Yes.

249. Cunningham, W.L., et al., Late Pleistocene-Holocene marine conditions in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: evidence from the diatom record. The Holocene, 1999. 9(2): p. 129-139, Yes.

250. Dahe, Q., et al., Distribution Of Stable Isotopes In Surface Snow Along the Route Of the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition. Journal of Glaciology, 1994. 40(134): p. 107-118.

251. Dahl-Jensen, D., et al., A Search In North Greenland For a New Ice-Core Drill Site. Journal of Glaciology, 1997. 43(144): p. 300-306.

252. Damon, P.E. and J.L. Jirikowic, Solar Forcing of Global Climate Change.

253. D'Andrea, F., et al., Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking as simulated by 15 atmospheric general circulation models in the period 1979-1988. Climate Dynamics, 1998. 14: p. 385-407, Yes.

254. Dansgaard, W., Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 1964. 16(4): p. 436-468, Yes.

255. Dao-Yi, X. and Y. Zheng, Carbon isotope and iridium event markers near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1993. 104: p. 171-176, Yes.

256. Darrigo, R.D., et al., Temperature-Sensitive Tree-Ring Width Chronologies Of Pink Pine (Halocarpus Biformis) From Stewart Island, New Zealand. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1996. 119(3-4): p. 293-300.

257. Das, S.B., et al., Temperature variability at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, derived from ECMWF re-analyses, SSM/I and SMMR brightness temperatures and AWS records, in Annals of Glaciology, Vol 34, 2002. 2002. p. 106-112, Yes.

258. Daultrey, S., Principal components analysis. Concepts and techniques in modern geography ; no 8. 1976, Norwich: Geo Abstracts Ltd. 50.

259. Davidova, N.G. Types of synoptic processes and associated wind fields in oceanic regions of the Southern Hemisphere. in WMO Tech. Note 87, Polar Meteorology, Proceedings of the WMO/SCAR/ICPM Symposium on Polar Meteorology. 1967. Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization.

260. Davidson, C.I., M.H. Bergin, and H.D. Kuhn, The Deposition of Particles and Gases to Ice Sheets, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 275-306, Yes.

261. Davidson, C.I. and R.J. Delmas, Working Group Report - Irreversible Species, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 641-646, Yes.

262. Davidson, C.I., et al., Chemical Constituents In the Air and Snow At Dye 3, Greenland .2. Analysis Of Episodes In April 1989. Atmospheric Environment, 1993. 27(17-18): p. 2723-2737.

263. Davidson, C.I., et al., Chemical Constituents In the Air and Snow At Dye 3, Greenland .1. Seasonal Variations. Atmospheric Environment, 1993. 27(17-18): p. 2709-2722.

264. Davis, D.D., et al., Assessment Of Ozone Photochemistry In the Western North Pacific As Inferred From PEM-WEST A Observations During the Fall 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 2111-2134.

265. de Vernal, A., et al., Quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface conditions, seasonal extent of sea-ice cover and meltwater discharges in high latitude marine environments from dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, in Ice in the Climate System, W.R. Peltier, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 611-621, Yes.

267. Deangelis, M., et al., Primary Aerosol (Sea Salt and Soil Dust) Deposited In Greenland Ice During the Last Climatic Cycle - Comparison With East Antarctic Records. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26681-26698.

268. Debenham, F., The genesis of the McMurdo ice shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 1965. 5(42): p. 829-832, Yes.

269. DeGaetano, A.T., K. Vreeland, and M.W. Wysocki. Impacts and Climatological Assessment of the 1998 Northern New York Ice Storm. in 10th Global Change Studies. 1999: AMS.

270. Delaygue, G., et al., The origin of Antarctic precipitation: a modelling approach. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2000. 52(1): p. 19-36, Yes.

271. Delmas, R.J., et al., 1000 years of explosive volcanism recorded at the South Pole. Tellus, 1992. 44B: p. 335-350, Yes.

272. Denton, G., NSF Proposal. 1995.

273. Denton, G.H., et al., Late Wisconsin and Early Holocene Glacial History, Inner Ross Embayment, Antarctica. Quaternary Research, 1989. 31: p. 151-182, Yes.

274. DeVries, T.J., et al., Determining the Early History of El Niño. Science, 1997. 276: p. 965-967, Yes.

275. DeWeaver, E. and S. Nigam, Linearity in ENSO's atmospheric response. Journal of Climate, 2002. 15(17): p. 2446-2461, Yes.

276. Diaz, H.F., Precipitation Monitoring For Climate Change Detection. Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics, 1996. 60(1-3): p. 179-190.

277. Diaz, H.F., J.T. Andrews, and S.K. Short, Climate Variations In Northern North America (6000 BP to present) Reconstructed From Pollen and Tree-Ring Data. Arctic and Alpine Research, 1989. 21(1): p. 45-59.

278. Diaz, H.F. and N. Graham, Recent Changes In Tropical Freezing Heights and the Role Of Sea Surface Temperature. Nature, 1996. 383(12 September 1996): p. 152-155.

279. Dibb, J. and D.L. Rice, The Geochemistry of Beryllium-7 in Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1989. 28: p. 379-394.

280. Dibb, J.E., Stratospheric sulfuric acid layer: evidence for an anthropogenic component. Science, 1980. 208: p. 1368-1370.

281. Dibb, J.E., The Chernobyl Reference Horizon (?) In the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geophysical Research Letters, 1989. 16(9): p. 987-990.

282. Dibb, J.E., Atmospheric Deposition of Beryllium 7 in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989. 94(D2): p. 2261-2265.

283. Dibb, J.E., Beryllium-7 and Lead-210 in the atmosphere and surface snow over the Greenland ice sheet in the summer of 1989. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1990. 95(D13): p. 22,407-22,415.

284. Dibb, J.E., Recent Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb on the Greenland Ice Sheet: Variations in Space and Time. Annals of Glaciology, 1990. 14: p. 51-54.

285. Dibb, J.E., The accumulation of ²¹⁰Pb at Summit, Greenland since 1855. Tellus, 1992. 44B: p. 72-79.

286. Dibb, J.E., Overview of field data on the deposition of aerosol-associated species to the surface snow of polar glaciers, particularly recent work in Greenland, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 249-274, Yes.

287. Dibb, J.E. and J.L. Jaffrezo, Beryllium-7 and Lead-210 In Aerosol and Snow In the Dye 3 Gas, Aerosol and Snow Sampling Program. Atmospheric Environment, 1993. 27(17-18): p. 2751-2760.

288. Dibb, J.E. and J.L. Jaffrezo, Air-Snow Exchange Investigations At Summit, Greenland - an Overview. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26795-26807.

289. Dibb, J.E., J.L. Jaffrezo, and M. Legrand, Initial findings of recent investigations of air-snow relationships in the summit region of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1992. 14: p. 167-180.

290. Dibb, J.E., et al., Beta radiation from snow. Nature, 1990. 344(6270): p. 25.

291. Dibb, J.E., et al., Recent temporal trends in the soluble ionic burdens of snow and ice in the Yukon Territory and South Greenland: Implications for atmospheric composition. In Review.

292. Dibb, J.E., et al., Estimation of stratospheric input to the Arctic troposphere: 7Be and 10Be in aerosols at Alert, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994. 99(D6): p. 12,855-12,864.

293. Dibb, J.E., et al., Northern hemisphere concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide since 1800: results from the Mt. Logan and 20D ice cores. Chemosphere, 1993. 27(12): p. 2413-2423.

294. Dibb, J.E. and D.L. Rice, Chernobyl fallout in the Chesapeake Bay region. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 1988. 7: p. 193-196.

295. Dibb, J.E. and D.L. Rice, Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Beryllium-7 in the Sediments of Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1989. 28(1989): p. 395-406.

296. Dibb, J.E., R.W. Talbot, and M.H. Bergin, Soluble acidic species in air and snow at Summit, Greenland. Geophysical Research Letters, 1994. 21(15): p. 1627-1630.

297. Dibb, J.E., R.W. Talbot, and G.L. Gregory, Beryllium 7 and lead 210 in the western hemisphere Arctic atmosphere: observations from three recent aircraft-based sampling programs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992. 97(D15): p. 16,709-16,715.

298. Dibb, J.E., et al., Asian influence over the Western Pacific during the fall season: Inferences from lead-210, soluble ionic species and ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1779-1792.

299. Dibb, J.E., et al., Asian Influence Over the Western North Pacific During the Fall Season - Inferences From Lead 210, Soluble Ionic Species and Ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1779-1792.

300. Dibb, J.E., et al., Biomass Burning Signatures In the Atmosphere and Snow At Summit, Greenland - an Event On 5 August 1994. Atmospheric Environment, 1996. 30(4): p. 553-561.

301. Dibb, J.E. and S.I. Whitlow, Recent Climate Anomalies and Their Impact On Snow Chemistry At South Pole, 1987-1994. Geophysical Research Letters, 1996. 23(10): p. 1115-1118, Yes.

302. Dick, A.L., A Simple Model for Air/Snow Fractionation of Aerosol Components over the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1990. 11: p. 179-196, Yes.

303. Dick, A.L. and D.A. Peel, Trace elements in Antarctic air and snowfall. Annals of Glaciology, 1985. 7: p. 12-19, Yes.

304. Diebold, F.X., Comparing predictive accuracy. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 1995. 13(3): p. 253-263, Yes.

305. Dittmar, W., Report on Researches Into the Composition of Ocean-Water Collected by HMS Challenger During the Years 1873-76, in Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger, Physics and Chemistry. 1884. p. 264-277.

306. Doake, C.S.M., State of Balance of the Ice Sheet In the Antarctic Peninsula. Annals of Glaciology, 1982. 3: p. 77-82.

307. Domack, E.W., et al., 300-Year Cyclicity in Organic Matter Preservation in Antarctic Fjord Sediments, in The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. 1993, American Geophysical Union. p. 265-272.

308. Domack, E.W. and P.A. Mayewski, Bi-polar ocean linkages: evidence from late-Holocene Antarctic marine and Greenland ice-core records. The Holocene, 1999. 9(2): p. 247-251, Yes.

309. Dorale, J.A., et al., A High-Resolution Record of Holocene Climate Change in Speleothem Calcite from Cold Water Cave, Northeast Iowa. Science, 1992. 25(4 December 1992): p. 1626-1630.

310. Douglas, A.V., D.R. Cayan, and J. Namias, Large-Scale Changes in North Pacific and North American Weather Patterns in Recent Decades. Monthly Weather Review, 1982: p. 338-349.

311. Douglas, M.S.V., J.P. Smol, and W. Blake Jr., Marked Post-18th Century Environmental Change in High-Arctic Ecosystems. Science, 1994. 266(21 October 1994): p. 416-419.

312. Dreschhoff, G., et al., Major Solar Flares and Long-Term Variability in Antarctic Ice Cores.

313. Dreschhoff, G., et al., The Solar Signal from Cycles 14 to 22 in Nitrate Concentrations in Antarctic Snow.

314. Drewry, D.J. and E.M. Morris, The Response of Large Ice Sheets to Climatic Change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 235-242, Yes.

315. Drewry, D.J. and E.M. Morriss, The response of large ice sheets to climatic change, in Antarctica and Environmental Change, D.J. Drewry, R.M. Laws, and J.A. Pyle, Editors. 1993, Clarendon Press: Oxford. p. 35-42, No.

316. Drobot, S. and M. Anderson, Interannual variations in snowmelt onset and links to 500 hPa atmospheric anomalies over the Arctic, in Interactions Between the Cryosphere, Climate and Greenhouse Gases. 1999, IAHS: Birmingham. p. 55-61, Yes.

317. Du, Y. and D.H. Bromwich, Katabatic airflows over Siple Coast, Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1992. 7: p. 291-293.

319. Dunphy, P.P., A Gamma-Ray Detector For Snow Deposition Studies In Antarctica. Antarctic Journal, submitted.

320. Dunphy, P.P. and J.E. Dibb, ¹³⁷Cs gamma-ray detection at Summit, Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 1994. 40(134): p. 87-92.

321. Dunphy, P.P., J.E. Dibb, and E.L. Chupp, A Gamma-Ray Detector For In-Situ Measurement Of Cs-137 Radioactivity In Snowfields and Glaciers. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors & Associated Equipment, 1994. 353(1-3): p. 482-485.

322. Duplessy, J.C., et al., Changes in surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Nature, 1992. 358(6 August): p. 485-488.

323. Duplessy, J.C. and J. Overpeck, The PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection. 1996, IGBP-WCRP.

324. ECMWF, ERA-15. 2000, ECMWF.

325. ECMWF, ERA-40 Project Plan. 2001, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting.

326. Eddy, J.A., The Case of the Missing Sunspots. Scientific American.

328. Edwards, R.L., et al., Precise Timing of the Last Interglacial Period from Mass Spectrometric Determination of Thorium-230 in Corals. 1987.

329. Egan, W.G. and A.W. Hogan, Climate Trends at the South Pole (Abstract). Eos Transactions of the AGU, 1997. 78(17): p. Spring Meet. Suppl., S66.

330. Egan, W.G., A.W. Hogan, and H. Zhu, Physical Variation of Water Vapor and the Relation with Carbon Dioxide. Geophysical Research Letters, 1991. 18(12): p. 2245-2248.

331. Eischeid, J.K., et al., The Quality Control Of Long-Term Climatological Data Using Objective Data Analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1995. 34(12): p. 2787-2795.

333. Erwin, D.H., The end-Permian mass extinction. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1990. 21: p. 69-91.

334. Erwin, D.H., The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian. 1993, New York: Columbia University Press. 327, No.

335. Erwin, D.H., The Permo-Triassic extinction. Nature, 1994. 367: p. 231-236.

336. Erwin, D.H. and T.A. Vogel, Testing for Causal Relationships Between Large Pyroclastic Volcanic Eruptions and Mass Extinctions. Geophysical Research Letters, 1992. 19(9): p. 893-896, Yes.

337. Etheridge, D.M., et al., Natural and Anthropogenic Changes In Atmospheric CO₂ Over the Last 1000 Years From Air In Antarctic Ice and Firn. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D2): p. 4115-4128.

338. Evans, M.N., A. Kaplan, and M.A. Cane, Intercomparison of coral oxygen isotope data and historical sea surface temperature (SST): Potential for coral-based SST field reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 2000. 15(5): p. 551-563.

339. Everson, I., Managing Southern Ocean Krill and Fish Stocks in a Changing Environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 311-317, Yes.

340. Fairbanks, R.G., A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature, 1989. 342: p. 637-642.

341. Fall, P.L., P.T. Davis, and G.A. Zielinski, Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate Of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Quaternary Research, 1995. 43(3): p. 393-404.

342. Fastook, J.L. and P. Holmlund, A Glaciological Model Of the Younger Dryas Event In Scandinavia. Journal of Glaciology, 1994. 40(134): p. 125-131.

343. Fastook, J.L. and M. Prentice, A finite-element model of Antarctica: sensitivity test for meteorological mass-balance relationship. Journal of Glaciology, 1994. 40(134): p. 167-175.

344. Faure, G., Principles of Isotope Geology. 2 ed. 1986: J. Wiley.

345. Faure, G., Cosmogenic Radionuclides, in Principles of Isotope Geology. 1986, J. Wiley. p. 405-428.

346. Faure, G., Oxygen and Hydrogen in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere, in Principles of Isotope Geology. 1986, J. Wiley. p. 323-349.

347. Faure, G., The Carbon-14 Method of Dating, in Principles of Isotope Geology. 1986, J. Wiley. p. 305-321.

348. Ffield, A. and A.L. Gordon, Tidal Mixing Signatures In the Indonesian Seas. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1996. 26(9): p. 1924-1937.

349. Finkel, R.C. and K. Nishiizumi, Beryllium 10 Concentrations In the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core From 3-40 Ka. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26699-26706.

350. Fischer, H. and D. Wagenbach, Large-Scale Spatial Trends In Recent Firn Chemistry Along an East-West Transect Through Central Greenland. Atmospheric Environment, 1996. 30(19): p. 3227-3238.

351. Fischer, H., et al., Glacio-Meterological and Isotropic Studies Along the Egig Line, Central Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 1995. 41(139): p. 515-527.

352. Fisher, D.A. and R.M. Koerner, Some aspects of climate change in the High Arctic during the Holocene as deduced from ice cores, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W.C. Mahaney, Editor. p. 249-271.

354. Fisher, D.A., et al., Effect of wind scouring on climatic records from ice-core oxygen-isotope profiles. Nature, 1983. 301(20 January 1983): p. 205-209.

355. Fisher, D.A., N. Reeh, and H.B. Clausen, Stratigraphic noise in time series derived from ice cores. Annals of Glaciology, 1985. 7: p. 76-83, Yes.

356. Fishman, J., et al., Tropospheric Ozone Derived From Toms/Sbuv Measurements During Trace A. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24069-24082.

357. Fishman, J., et al., NASA GTE Trace A Experiment (September October 1992) - Overview. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 23865-23879.

358. Fitch, M. and A.M. Carleton, Antarctic Mesocyclone Regimes from Satellite and Conventional Data. Tellus Series a-Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 1992. 44A(2): p. 180-196, Yes.

359. Flato, G.M. and W.D. Hibler, On a Simple Sea-Ice Dynamics Model for Climate Studies. Annals of Glaciology, 1990. 14: p. 72-77, Yes.

360. Flato, G.M. and W.D. Hibler, Modeling Pack Ice as a Cavitating Fluid. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1992. 22: p. 626-651, Partial.

361. Fontes, J.C., et al., Stable Isotope and Radiocarbon Balances Of 2 Tibetan Lakes (Sumxi Co, Longmu Co) From 13,000-Bp. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1993. 12(10): p. 875-887.

362. Foukal, P. and J. Lean, An Empirical Model of Total Solar Irradiance Variation Between 1874 and 1988. Science, 1990. 247(2 February): p. 556-558.

363. Fraedrich, K., A. Kleidon, and F. Lunkeit, A Green Planet versus a Desert World: Estimating the Effect of Vegetation Extremes on the Atmosphere. Journal of Climate, 1999. 12(10): p. 3156-3163, Yes.

364. Frezzotti, M. and M.C.G. Mabin, 20th century behavior of Drygalski Ice Tongue, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 397-400, Yes.

365. Friis-Christensen, E. and K. Lassen, Length of the Solar Cycle: An Indicator of Solar Activity Closely Associated with Climate. Science, 1991. 254(1 November): p. 698-700.

366. Frumkin, A., et al., The Holocene climatic record of the salt caves of Mount Sedom, Israel. The Holocene, 1991. 1(3): p. 191-20.

367. Fuelberg, H.E., et al., Meteorological Conditions Associated With Vertical Distributions Of Aerosols Off the West Coast Of Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24105-24115.

368. Fuhrer, K. and M. Legrand, Continental Biogenic Species In the Greenland Ice Core Project Ice Core - Tracing Back the Biomass History Of the North American Continent. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26735-26745.

369. Gallee, H., Mesoscale atmospheric circulations over the southwestern Ross Sea sector, Antarctica. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1996. 35(7): p. 1129-1141, Yes.

370. Garfield, D.E. and H.T. Ueda, Resurvey of Byrd Station, Antarctica, Drill Hole. 1975, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

371. Garzoli, S.L. and A.L. Gordon, Origins and Variability Of the Benguela Current. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1996. 101(C1): p. 897-906.

372. Gasse, F., et al., A 36-Ka Environmental Record In the Southern Tropics - Lake Tritrivakely (Madagascar). Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences Serie II-Mecanique Physique Chimie Sciences de la Terre et de l Univers, 1994. 318(11 Part 2): p. 1513-1519.

373. Gasse, F. and E. Van Campo, Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1994. 126: p. 435-456.

374. Genthon, C., Simulations of desert dust and sea-salt aerosols in Antarctica with a general circulation model of the atmosphere. Tellus, 1992. 44B: p. 371-389, Yes.

375. Genthon, C., Observations and simulations of temperature and ice accumulation at the surface of Antarctica, in Ice in the Climate System, W.R. Peltier, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 117-130, Yes.

376. Genthon, C. and A. Braun, ECMWF Analyses and Predictions of the Surface Climate of Greenland and Antarctica. Journal of Climate, 1995. 8(10): p. 2324-2332, Yes.

377. Genthon, C., J. Jouzel, and M. Déqué, Accumulation at the surface of polar ice sheets: observation and modeling for global climate change, in Global Precipitations and Climate Change, M. Desbois and F. Désalmand, Editors. 1994, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 53-75, Yes.

378. Genthon, C. and G. Krinner, Convergence and Disposal of Energy and Moisture on the Antarctic Polar Cap from ECMWF Reanalyses and Forecasts. Journal of Climate, 1998. 11: p. 1703-1716, Yes.

379. Genthon, C., G. Krinner, and M. Déqué, Intra-annual variability of Antarctic precipitation from weather forecasts and high-resolution climate models. Annals of Glaciology, 1998. 27: p. 488-494, Yes.

380. Gibson, J.K., et al. The ECMWF 40 Year Re-analysis (ERA-40) Project - Plans and Current Status. in 10th Global Change Studies. 1999: American Meteorological Society.

381. Gibson, J.R. and R.G. Najjar, The response of Chesapeake Bay salinity to climate-induced changes in streamflow. Limnology and Oceanography, 2000. 45(8): p. 1764-1772, Yes.

382. Giovinetto, M.B. and C.R. Bentley, Surface balance in ice drainage systems of Antarctica. Antarctic Journal, 1985(December): p. 6-13.

383. Giovinetto, M.B., C.R. Bentley, and C. Bull, Choosing between some incompatible regional surface-mass-balance data sets in Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1989. 24(March 1989): p. 7-13, Yes.

384. Giovinetto, M.B., D.H. Bromwich, and G. Wendler, Atmospheric Net Transport of Water-Vapor and Latent-Heat across 70-Degrees-S. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1992. 97(D1): p. 917-930, No.

385. Giovinetto, M.B. and W. Schwerdtfeger, Analysis of a 200 Year Snow Accumulation Series from the South Pole. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, 1966. 15(2): p. 227-250.

386. Giovinetto, M.B., et al., Atmospheric net transport of water vapor and latent heat across 60 degrees S. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1997. 102(D10): p. 11171-11179, Yes.

387. Gloersen, P., et al., Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis. 1992, Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 290.

388. Gloersen, P., et al., Antarctic Sea Ice, in Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis. 1992, National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Washington, D.C. p. 161-204, Yes.

389. Goldstein, A.H., S.C. Wofsy, and C.M. Spivakovsky, Seasonal variations of nonmethane hydrocarbons

in rural New England: Constraints on OH concentrations in northern midlatitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995. 100(D10): p. 21023-21033.

390. Goodwin, I., et al., Accumulation variation in eastern Kemp Land, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 202-206, Yes.

391. Goodwin, I.D., Did Changes in Antarctic Ice Volume Influence Late Holocene Sea-Level Lowering? : p. 28.

392. Goodwin, I.D., Snow-accumulation variability from seasonal surface observations and firn-core stratigraphy, eastern Wilkes Land, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 1991. 37(127): p. 383-387.

393. Goodwin, I.D., On the Antarctic Contribution to Holocene Sea-Level, in Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies (IASOS). 1995, University of Tasmania: Hobart. p. 315.

394. Gordon, A.L., Communication between oceans. Nature, 1996. 382(1 August): p. 399-400, Yes.

395. Gordon, A.L., Oceanography - Communication Between Oceans. Nature, 1996. 382(6590): p. 399-400.

396. Gordon, A.L. and R.A. Fine, Pathways Of Water Between the Pacific and Indian Oceans In the Indonesian Seas. Nature, 1996. 379(6561): p. 146-149.

397. Goto-Azuma, K., et al., Snow chemistry of Agassiz ice cap, Ellesmere island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Glacialiology, In Press: p. 1-15.

398. Gow, A.J., Deep Core Studies of the Accumulation and Densification of Snow at Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica. 1968, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory., Yes.

399. Gow, A.J., et al., Snow Accumulation at "Byrd" Station, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 1972. 11(61): p. 59-64, Yes.

400. Gow, A.J. and R. Rowland, On the Relationship of Snow Accumulation to Surface Topography at "Byrd Station", Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 1965: p. 843-847.

401. Grant, W.B., et al., Use Of Volcanic Aerosols to Study the Tropical Stratospheric Reservoir. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D2): p. 3973-3988.

402. Gray, W.M., J.D. Sheaffer, and J.A. Knaff, Hypothesized mechanism for stratospheric QBO influence on ENSO variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 1992. 19(2): p. 107-110.

403. Gregory, G.L., B.E. Anderson, and E.V. Browell, Influence Of Lower Tropospheric Ozone On Total Column Ozone As Observed Over the Pacific Ocean During the 1991 PEM-WEST A Expedition. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1919-1930.

404. Gregory, G.L., et al., Chemical Signatures Of Aged Pacific Marine Air - Mixed Layer and Free Troposphere As Measured During PEM-WEST A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1727-1742.

405. Gregory, G.L., et al., Chemical Characteristics Of Tropospheric Air Over the Tropical South Atlantic Ocean - Relationship to Trajectory History. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 23957-23972.

407. Grootes, P.M. and M. Stuiver, Ross Ice Shelf Oxygen Isotopes and West Antarctic Climate History. Quaternary Research, 1986. 26: p. 49-67, Yes.

408. Grootes, P.M. and M. Stuiver, Oxygen 18/16 Variability In Greenland Snow and Ice With 10(-3)- to 10(5)-Year Time Resolution. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26455-26470.

409. Grootes, P.M., et al., Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature, 1993. 366: p. 552-554.

410. Grosvenor, M.B., Atlas of the World. 1963, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.

411. Grumet, N.S., Glaciochemical investigations of the last 1,000 years from the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, in Earth Sciences. 1997, University of New Hampshire: Durham. p. 90.

412. Grumet, N.S., et al., Penny Ice Cap Ice Core Record of Increased Sea-Ice Extent in the Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea Region Over the Last 500 Years. In Preparation.

413. Guo, Z.C., D.H. Bromwich, and J.J. Cassano, Evaluation of Polar MM5 simulations of Antarctic atmospheric circulation. Monthly Weather Review, 2003. 131(2): p. 384-411.

414. Gurney, A., Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica 1699-1839. 1997, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. 315.

415. Gutzler, D.S., Evaluating Global Warming: A Post-1990s Perspective. GSA Today, 2000. 10(10): p. 1-7, Yes.

416. Hall, J.S. and E.W. Wolff, Causes of seasonal and daily variations in aerosol sea-salt concentrations at a coastal Antarctic station. Atmospheric Environment, 1998. 32(21): p. 3669-3677, Yes.

417. Hall, K.J. and D.W.H. Walton, Rock Weathering, Soil Development and Colonization under a Changing Climate. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 269-277, Yes.

418. Hall, M.M., M. McCartney, and J.A. Whitehead, Antarctic Bottom Water Flux In the Equatorial Western Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997. 27(9): p. 1903-1926.

419. Hallam, A., Mass extinctions in Phanerozoic time, in Meteorites: Flux with Time and Impact Effects, M.M. Grady, et al., Editors. 1998, Geological Society: London. p. 259-274, Yes.

420. Hallam, A. and P.B. Wignall, Mass extinctions and sea-level changes. Earth-Science Reviews, 1999. 48(4): p. 217-250, Yes.

421. Hammer, C., et al., Untitled - Preface. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26315-26316.

422. Hammer, C.U., H.B. Clausen, and C.C. Langway Jr., Electrical conductivity method (ECM) stratigraphic dating of the Byrd Station ice core, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 115-120, Yes.

423. Hanna, E., The role of Antarctic sea ice in global climate change. Progress in Physical Geography, 1996. 20(4): p. 371-401, Yes.

424. Hannah, D.M., A.G. Gurnell, and G.R. McGregor, Identifying links between large-scale atmospheric circulation and local glacier ablation climates in the French Pyrenees, in Interactions Between the Cryosphere, Climate and Greenhouse Gases. 1999, IAHS: Birmingham. p. 155-163, Yes.

425. Hansen, J., et al., The missing climate forcing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1997. 352(1350): p. 231-240, Yes.

426. Harangozo, S.A., A search for ENSO teleconnections in the west Antarctic Peninsula climate in Austral winter. International Journal of Climatology, 2000. 20(6): p. 663-679, Yes.

427. Harder, S.L., et al., Filtering Of Air Through Snow As a Mechanism For Aerosol Deposition to the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D13): p. 18729-18743.

428. Harris, J.M., An analysis of 5-day midtropospheric flow patterns for the South Pole: 1985-1989. Tellus, 1992. Ser. B, 44: p. 409-421.

429. Harrison, S.P., et al., Comparison of paleoclimate simulation enhances confidence in models. Eos Transactions of the AGU, 2002. 83: p. 447, No.

430. Harriss, R. and H. Niki, Sulfur Cycle, in Tropospheric Chemical Cycles. p. 117-121.

431. Hartnett, E., GEOS-1 Multiyear Assimilation (Reanalysis). 1999, GSFC-DAO.

432. Harvey, L.D.D., Development of a Sea Ice Model for Use in Zonally Averaged Energy Balance Climate Models. Journal of Climate, 1988. 1: p. 1221-1238, Partial.

433. Harzallah, A. and R. Sadourny, Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model. Journal of Climate, 1995. 8: p. 474-495, No.

434. Hayes, D.E. and F.J. Davey, A Geophysical Study of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, in Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 1975, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington. p. 887-907, Yes.

435. Hendricks, M.B., D.J. DePaolo, and R.C. Cohen, Space and time variation of delta O-18 and delta D in precipitation: Can paleotemperatnre be estimated from ice cores? Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000. 14(3): p. 851-861, Yes.

436. Henley, R.W., et al., Chemical Geothermometers for Geothermal Exploration, in Fluid-Minera Equilibria in Hydrothermal Systems, Society of Economic Geologists. p. 31-43.

437. Herron, M.M. Glaciochemical dating techniques. in Nuclear and Chemical Dating Techniques: Interpreting the Environmental Record. 1981. Washington, D. C.: Am. Chem. Soc.

438. Herron, M.M., Impurity sources of F^-, Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2- in Greenland and Antarctic precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1982. 87: p. 3052-3060.

439. Herron, M.M. and S.L. Herron, Past atmospheric environments revealed by polar ice core studies. Hydrological Sciences, 1983. 28(1): p. 139-153.

440. Herron, M.M., S.L. Herron, and C.C. Langway, Jr., Climatic signal of ice melt features in southern Greenland. Nature, 1981. 293(5831): p. 389-391.

441. Herron, M.M. and C.C. Langway, Jr., Chloride, Nitrate, and Sulfate in the Dye 3 and Camp Century, Greenland Ice Cores, in Greenland Ice Core: Geophysics, Geochemistry, and the Environment, J. C. C. Langway, H. Oeschger, and W. Dansgaard, Editors. 1985, American Geophysical Union: Washington, D.C. p. 77-84.

442. Herron, S.L., C.C. Langway, Jr., and K.A. Brugger, Ultrasonic velocities and crystalline anisotropy in the ice core from Dye 3, Greenland, in Greenland Ice Core: Geophysics, Geochemistry, and the Environment, J. C. C. Langway, H. Oeschger, and W. Dansgaard, Editors. 1985, American Geophysical Union: Washington, D.C. p. 23-31.

443. Hibler, W.D., A Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1979. 9: p. 815-846, Yes.

444. Hibler, W.D. and G.M. Flato, Sea ice models, in Climate System Modeling, K.E. Trenberth, Editor. 1992, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, Yes.

445. Hines, K.M., D.H. Bromwich, and Z. Liu, Combined global climate model and mesoscale model simulations of Antarctic climate. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D12): p. 13,747-13,760, Yes.

446. Hines, K.M., D.H. Bromwich, and G.J. Marshall, Artificial surface pressure trends in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis over the southern ocean and Antarctica. Journal of Climate, 2000. 13(22): p. 3940-3952.

447. Hines, K.M., D.H. Bromwich, and T.R. Parish, A Mesoscale Modeling Study of the Atmospheric Circulation of High Southern Latitudes. Monthly Weather Review, 1995. 123: p. 1146-1165, Yes.

448. Hines, K.M., et al., Surface energy balance of the NCEP MRF and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis in Antarctic latitudes during FROST. Weather and Forecasting, 1999. 14(6): p. 851-866, Yes.

449. Hobbs, J., J. Lindesay, and H. Bridgman, Introduction: a Southern Hemisphere Overview, in Climates of the Southern Continents: Present, Past and Future, J.E. Hobbs, J.A. Lindesay, and H.A. Bridgman, Editors. 1998, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p. 1-4, Yes.

450. Hoell, J.M., et al., Pacific Exploratory Mission-West a (PEM-WEST A) - September October 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1641-1653.

451. Hoff, R.M., et al., Mass Size Distributions of Chemical Constituents of the Winter Arctic Aerosol. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983. 88(C15): p. 10,947-10,956, Yes.

452. Hoffman, P.F., 'Snowball Earth' theory still stands. Nature, 1999. 400(6746): p. 708-708, Yes.

453. Hoffman, P.F., et al., A Neoproterozoic snowball earth. Science, 1998. 281(5381): p. 1342-1346, Yes.

454. Hoffman, P.F., et al., An early snowball earth? Response. Science, 1998. 282(5394): p. 1645-1646, Yes.

455. Hogan, A., A synthesis of warm air advection to the South Polar Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102: p. 14,009-14,020.

456. Hogan, A. and M. Ferrick, Winter Morning Air Temperature. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1997. 36(1): p. 52-69.

457. Holdsworth, G., et al., Historical Biomass Burning - Late 19th Century Pioneer Agriculture Revolution In Northern Hemisphere Ice Core Data and Its Atmospheric Interpretation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D18): p. 23317-23334, Yes.

458. Holl, M.M., P.M. Wolff, and Y.A. Bush, Cross-equatorial air mass exchanges. Geophysical Research Letters, 1988. 15(November 1988): p. 1377-1380.

459. Holmes, R.E., C.R. Stearns, and G.A. Weidner, Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Field Report: 1996. 1996, Space Science and Engineering Ctr., University of Wisconsin, Madison.

460. Holmes, R.E., et al., Utilization of automatic weather station for forecasting high wind speeds at Pegasus Runway, Antarctica. Weather and Forecasting, 2000. 15(2): p. 137-151, Yes.

461. Holser, W.T. and M. Magaritz, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Permian/Triassic boundary events compared. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1992. 56: p. 3297-3309, Yes.

462. Houghton, R.A., Is carbon accumulating in the northern temperate zone? Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1993. 7(3): p. 611-617.

463. Howarth, D.A., Seasonal Variations in the Vertically Integrated Water Vapor Transport Fields over the Southern Hemisphere. Monthly Weather Review, 1983. 111(6): p. 1259-1272, Yes.

464. Hughen, K.A., et al., Rapid Climate Changes In the Tropical Atlantic Region During the Last Deglaciation. Nature, 1996. 380(7 March 1996): p. 51-54.

465. Hurrell, J.W., Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation. Science, 1995. 269: p. 676-679.

466. Hurrell, J.W. and K.E. Trenberth, Satellite Versus Surface Estimates Of Air Temperature Since 1979. Journal of Climate, 1996. 9(9): p. 2222-2232.

467. Hurrell, J.W. and K.E. Trenberth, Global sea surface temperature and analyses: Multiple problems and their implications for climate analysis, modeling, and reanalysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1999. 80(12): p. 2661-2678, Yes.

468. Hutchinson, H.A., et al., On the reanalysis of Southern Hemisphere charts for the FROST project. Weather and Forecasting, 1999. 14(6): p. 909-919, Yes.

469. Huybrechts, P., Formation and disintegration of the Antarctic ice sheet. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 336-340, Yes.

470. Hvidberg, C.S., D. Dahljensen, and E.D. Waddington, Ice Flow Between the Greenland Ice Core Project and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Boreholes In Central Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26851-26859.

471. Hyde, W.T., et al., Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model. Nature, 2000. 405(6785): p. 425-429, Yes.

472. Ice Core Working Group, Ice Core Contributions to Global Change Research: Past Successes and Future Directions. 1998, University of New Hampshire: Durham, NH. p. 48.

473. Ichiyanagi, K., A. Numaguti, and K. Kato, Interannual variation of stable isotopes in Antarctic precipitation in response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, 2002. 29(1): p. 10.1029/2000GL012815, Yes.

474. Ilahude, A.G. and A.L. Gordon, Thermocline Stratification Within the Indonesian Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1996. 101(C5): p. 12401-12409.

475. Imbrie, J., A Simple Systems Model of the Major Glaciation Cycles, in Ice in the Climate System, W.R. Peltier, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 255-269, Yes.

476. Imbrie, J., et al., On the structure and origin of major glaciation cycles; 2, The 100,000-year cycle. Paleoceanography, 1993. 8(6): p. 698-735, No.

477. Imbrie, J., et al., On the structure and origin of major glaciation cycles; 1. Linear Responses to Milankovitch Forcing. Paleoceanography, 1993. 7(6): p. 701-738, Yes.

479. Imbrie, J. and J.Z. Imbrie, Modeling the Climatic Response to Orbital Variations. Science, 1980. 207: p. 943-953, Yes.

480. Ingersoll, A.P., The Atmosphere. Scientific American, 1983: p. 58-69.

481. IPCC, Climate Change 2001: The Science of Climate Change. Report of Working Group I. 2001, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 398.

482. Isaksson, E., et al., A century of accumulation and temperature changes in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1996. 101(D3): p. 7085-7094, Yes.

483. Jacka, K.J., An impact study involving ERS-1 scatterometer wind data - implications for the 'FROST' project. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 1999. June(Special Edition): p. 25-34, Yes.

484. Jacob, D.J., et al., Origin Of Ozone and Nox In the Tropical Troposphere - a Photochemical Analysis Of Aircraft Observations Over the South Atlantic Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D19): p. 24235-24250.

485. Jacobs, S.S. and J.C. Comiso, Climate Variability in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas. Journal of Climate, 1997. 10: p. 697-709, Yes.

486. Jaffrezo, J.-L., et al., Sulfate and MSA in the air and snow on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994. 99(D1): p. 1241-1253, Partial.

487. Jaffrezo, J.-L., et al., Current status of atmospheric studies at Summit (Greenland) and implications for future research, in Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, R.J. Delmas, Editor. 1995, Springer-Verlag. p. 427-458.

488. Jain, S., U. Lall, and M.E. Mann, Seasonality and interannual variations of northern hemisphere temperature: Equator-to-pole gradient and ocean-land contrast. Journal of Climate, 1999. 12(4): p. 1086-1100.

489. Jansen, E., et al., Evolution of Pliocene Climate Cyclicity at Hole 806B (5-2 Ma): Oxygen Isotope Record, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 1993. p. 349-359.

490. Jarvis, D.I., Pollen Evidence of Changing Holocene Monsoon Climate in Sichuan Province, China. Quaternary Research, 1993. 39: p. 325-337.

491. Jeffries, M.O., et al., Depositional environment of the snow cover on West Antarctic pack-ice floes. Annals of Glaciology, 1994. 20: p. 33-38, Yes.

492. Jenkins, G.S., The "snowball earth" and precambrian climate. Science, 2000. 288(5468): p. 975-976, Yes.

493. Jenkins, G.S. and C.R. Scotese, An early snowball earth? Science, 1998. 282(5394): p. 1644-1645, Yes.

494. Johnsen, S.J., et al., The Delta-O-18 Record Along the Greenland Ice Core Project Deep Ice Core and the Problem Of Possible Eemian Climatic Instability. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26397-26410.

495. Jolliffe, I.T., Principal component analysis. Springer series in statistics. 1986, New York: Springer-Verlag. 271.

496. Jones, D.A. and I. Simmonds, A climatology of Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones. Climate Dynamics, 1993. 9: p. 131-145, Yes.

497. Jones, J. and M. Widman, Instrumental- and tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Antarctic Oscillation. Journal of Climate, in press.

498. Jones, P.D., Antarctic Temperatures over the Present Century -- A Study of the Early Expedition Record. Journal of Climate, 1990. 3: p. 1193-1203, Yes.

499. Jones, P.D. and R.S. Bradley, Climatic variations in the longest instrumental records, in Climate Since A.D. 1500, R.S. Bradley and P.D. Jones, Editors. 1992, Routledge: London and New York. p. 92-117.

500. Jones, P.D. and D.W.S. Limbert, A Data Bank of Antarctic Surface Temperature and Pressure Data. 1987, U. S. Department of Energy: Washington, D. C. p. 52.

501. Jones, P.D. and D.W.S. Limbert, Antarctic Surface Temperature and Pressure Data. 1989, U. S. Department of Energy: Oak Ridge, TN. p. 89.

502. Jones, P.D., et al., Surface Air Temperature and Its Changes Over the Past 150 Years. Reviews of Geophysics, 1999. 37(2): p. 173-199, Yes.

503. Jones, T.A., Fitting straight lines when both variables are subject to error. I. maximum likelihood and least-squares estimation. Mathematical Geology, 1979. 11(1): p. 1-25, Yes.

504. Joussaume, S. and P. Braconnot, Sensitivity of paleoclimate simulation results to season definitions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997. 102(D2): p. 1943-1956, Yes.

505. Jouzel, J., et al., Extending the Vostok Ice-Core Record of Paleoclimate to the Penultimate Glacial Period. Nature, 1993. 364(6436): p. 407-412, Yes.

506. Jouzel, J., et al., Climate instabilities: Greenland and Antarctic records. Géosciences de Surface, 1994. 319: p. 65-77.

507. Jouzel, J., et al., Climatic information over the last century deduced from a detailed isotopic record in the South Pole snow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983. 88(C4): p. 2693-2703, Yes.

508. Jouzel, J., et al., Magnitude of isotope/temperature scaling for interpretation of central Antarctic ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003. 108(D12), Yes.

509. Jouzel, J., et al., Climatic Interpretation Of the Recently Extended Vostok Ice Records. Climate Dynamics, 1996. 12(8): p. 513-521.

510. Juillet-Leclerc, A., et al., Temperature Variability in the Gulf of California During the Last Century: A Record of the Recent Strong El Niño. Geophysical Research Letters, 1991. 18(10): p. 1889-1892.

511. Kahl, J.D.W., J.A. Galbraith, and D.A. Martinez, Decadal-scale variability in long-range atmospheric transport to the Summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geophysical Research Letters, 1999. 26(4): p. 481-484, Yes.

512. Kahl, J.D.W., et al., Air Mass Trajectories to Summit, Greenland - a 44-Year Climatology and Some Episodic Events. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26861-26875.

513. Kållberg, P., Aspects of the Re-Analysed Climate. ECMWF Re-Analysis Final Report Series. 1997, ECMWF. p. 89.

514. Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP-NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1996. 77(3): p. 437-472, Yes.

515. Kamenkovich, V.M., et al., On the Influence Of Bottom Topography On the Agulhas Eddy. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1996. 26(6): p. 892-912.

516. Kanamitsu, M., et al., NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2002. 83(11): p. 1631-1643, Yes.

517. Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, and J.R. Christy, Global and Hemispheric Temperature Trends - Uncertainties Related to Inadequate Spatial Sampling. Journal of Climate, 1994. 7(7): p. 1144-1163, Yes.

518. Karlén, W. and J. Kuylenstierna, On Solar Forcing Of Holocene Climate - Evidence From Scandinavia. The Holocene, 1996. 6(3): p. 359-365.

519. Karoly, D.J., Southern Hemisphere Circulation Features Associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events. Journal of Climate, 1989. 2: p. 1239-1252, Yes.

520. Karoly, D.J. and D.G. Vincent, eds. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere. Meteorological Monographs, ed. D.R. Johnson. Vol. 49. 1998, American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA. 410, No.

521. Kasting, J.F., Earth's Early Atmosphere. Science, 1993. 259(5097): p. 920-926, Yes.

522. Kaufman, A.J., A.H. Knoll, and G.M. Narbonne, Isotopes, ice ages, and terminal Proterozoic earth history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997. 94(13): p. 6600-6605, Yes.

523. Kavanaugh, J.L. and K.M. Cuffey, Space and time variation of delta O-18 and delta D in Antarctic precipitation revisited. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2003. 17(1): p. art. no.-1017.

524. Keene, W.C., et al., Sea-Salt Corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986. 91(D6): p. 6647-6658.

525. Keigwin, L.D., Climate Change - the North Pacific Through the Millennia. Nature, 1995. 377(6549): p. 485-486.

526. Keigwin, L.D., The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period In the Sargasso Sea. Science, 1996. 274(29 November 1996): p. 1504-1508.

527. Keigwin, L.D. and G.A. Jones, The marine record of deglaciation from the continental margin off Nova Scotia. Paleoceanography, 1995. 10(6): p. 973-985.

528. Kellogg, T.B., Late-Glacial - Holocene High-Frequency Climatic Changes in Deep-Sea Cores from the Denmark Strait, in Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millenial Basis, N.-A. Mörner and W. Karlén, Editors. 1984, D. Reidel Publishing Company. p. 123-133.

529. Kennedy, M.J., et al., Two or four Neoproterozoic glaciations? Geology, 1998. 26(12): p. 1059-1063, Yes.

530. Kennett, J.P. and D.A. Hodell, Evidence for relative climatic stability of Antarctica during the early Pliocene: a marine perspective. Geografiska Annaler, 1993. 75(4): p. 205-220.

531. Kennett, J.P. and D.A. Hodell, Stability or Instability of Antarctic Ice Sheets During Warm Climates of the Pliocene? GSA Today, 1995. 5(1).

532. Kennett, J.P. and B.L. Ingram, A 20,000 year record of ocean circulation and climate change from the Santa Barbara basin. Nature, 1995. 377(12 October): p. 510-513.

533. Kerr, R.A., Did Pinatubo Send Climate-Warming Gases Into a Dither? Science, 1994. 263: p. 1562.

534. Kerr, R.A., A Volcanic Crisis for Ancient Life? Science, 1995. 270: p. 27-28, Yes.

535. Kerr, R.A., Climatology - A refuge for life on snowball Earth. Science, 2000. 288(5470): p. 1316-1316, Yes.

536. Kerr, R.A., An appealing snowball Earth that's still hard to swallow. Science, 2000. 287(5459): p. 1734-1736, Yes.

537. Kerr, R.A., Climate change - A single climate mover for Antarctica. Science, 2002. 296(5569): p. 825-826, Yes.

538. Kerwin, R.A., et al., Determination Of Atmospheric Methyl Bromide By Cryotrapping Gas Chromatography and Application to Soil Kinetic Studies Using a Dynamic Dilution System. Analytical Chemistry, 1996. 68(5): p. 899-903.

539. Khalil, M.A.K. and R.A. Rasmussen, The Global Sources of Nitrous Oxide. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992. 97(D13): p. 14651-14660.

540. Kharaka, Y.K. and R.H. Mariner, Chemical Geothermometers and Their Application to Formation Waters from Sedimentary Basins, in Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins: Methods and Case Histories, N.D. Naeser and T.H. McCulloh, Editors. 1989, Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 99-117.

541. Kidson, J.W., Intraseasonal variations in the southern hemisphere circulation. Journal of Climate, 1991. 4(9): p. 939-953, Yes.

542. Kidson, J.W. and J.A. Renwick, The Southern Hemisphere evolution of ENSO during 1981-99. Journal of Climate, 2002. 15(8): p. 847-863, Yes.

543. Kiladis, G.N. and H.F. Diaz, Global Climatic Anomalies Associated with Extremes in the Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 1989. 2: p. 1069-1090, Yes.

544. King, J.C. and J.C. Comiso, The spatial coherence of interannual temperature variations in the Antarctic Peninsula. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003. 30(2): p. art. no.-1040, Yes.

545. King, J.C. and J. Turner, Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology. Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series, ed. A.J. Dessler, J.T. Houghton, and M.J. Rycroft. 1997, Cambridge: Cambridge University. 409, No.

546. Kirschvink, J.L., et al., Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. 97(4): p. 1400-1405, Yes.

547. Kistler, R., et al., The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2001. 82(2): p. 247-267, Yes.

548. Knoll, A.H., et al., Comparative Earth History and Later Permian Mass Extinction. Science, 1996. 273: p. 452-457, Yes.

549. Koerner, M.A., Glaciological Observations in Trinity Peninsula and the Islands on Prince Gustav Channel, Graham Land, 1958-60. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports: No. 42, 1961: p. 3-44.

551. Koerner, R.M., Accumulation on the Devon Island Ice Cap, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 1966. 6(45): p. 383-392.

552. Koerner, R.M., Fabric Analysis of a Core From the Meighen Ice Cap, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 1968. 7(51): p. 421-430.

553. Koerner, R.M., The Mass Balance of the Devon Island Ice Cap, Northwest Territories, Canada, 1961-66. Journal of Glaciology, 1970. 9(57): p. 325-336.

554. Koerner, R.M., A Stratigraphic Method of Determining the Snow Accumulation Rate at Plateau Station, Antarctica, and Application to South Pole-Queen Maud Land Traverse 2, 1965-1966, in Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies 2, Antarctic Research Series, A.P. Crary, Editor. 1971, AGU: Washington, D.C. p. 225-238.

555. Koerner, R.M. Specific Electrolytic Conductivity of Snow and Deep Core Samples From the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. in International Symposia on the Role of Snow and Ice in Hydrology. 1973.

556. Koerner, R.M. Distribution of microparticles in a 299-m core through the Devon Island ice cap, Northwest Territories, Canada. in Isotopes and Impurities in Snow and Ice. 1975. Grenoble Symposium.

557. Koerner, R.M., Distribution of microparticles in a 229-m core through the Devon Island ice cap, Northwest Territories, Canada. IAHS #118, 1977: p. 371-376.

558. Koerner, R.M., Ice thickness measurements and their implications with respect to past and present ice volumes in the Canadian High Arctic ice caps. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1977. 14(12): p. 2697-2705.

559. Koerner, R.M., Devon Island Ice Cap: Core Stratigraphy and Paleoclimate. Science, 1977. 196(1 April 1977): p. 15-18.

560. Koerner, R.M., Discontinuous flow, ice texture, and dirt content in the basal layers of the Devon Island ice cap. Journal of Glaciology, 1979. 23(89): p. 209-222.

561. Koerner, R.M., Accumulation, Ablation, and Oxygen Isotope Variations on The Queen Elizabeth Islands Ice Caps, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 1979. 22(86): p. 25-41.

562. Koerner, R.M., Instantaneous Glacierization, the Rate of Albedo Change, and Feedback Effects at the Beginning of an Ice Age. Quaternary Research, 1980. 13: p. 153-159.

563. Koerner, R.M. and J.C. Bourgeois, Pollen Analysis and discussion of time-scales in Canadian Ice Cores. Annals of Glaciology, 1988. 10.

564. Koerner, R.M. and D. Fisher, Acid snow in the Canadian high Arctic. Nature, 1982. 295(5845): p. 137-140.

565. Koerner, R.M. and D.A. Fisher, Studying climatic change from Canadian high arctic ice cores, Polar Continental Shelf Project.

566. Koerner, R.M. and D.A. Fisher, A record of Holocene summer climate from a Canadian high-Arctic ice core. Nature, 1990. 343: p. 630-631.

567. Koerner, R.M. and W.S.B. Paterson, Analysis of a Core Through the Meighen Ice Cap, Arctic Canada, and its Paleoclimatic Implications. Quaternary Research, 1974. 4: p. 253-263.

568. Koerner, R.M., W.S.B. Paterson, and H.R. Krouse, ð ¹⁸O Profile in Ice formed between the Equilibrium and Firn Lines. Nature Physical Science, 1973. 245: p. 137-140.

569. Koerner, R.M. and H. Taniguchi, Artificial radioactivity layers in the Devon Island ice cap, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1976. 13(9): p. 1251-1255.

570. Koide, M. and E.D. Goldberg, Atmospheric Sulfur and Fossil Fuel Combustion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1971. 76(27): p. 6589-6595.

571. Koide, M. and E.D. Goldberg, ²⁴¹Pu/^239+240Pu ratios in polar glaciers. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1981. 54: p. 239-247.

572. Koide, M., R. Michel, and E.D. Goldberg, Depositional History of Artificial Radionuclides in the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1979. 44: p. 205-223.

573. Koide, M., et al., Characterization of radioactive fallout from pre- and post-moratorium tests to polar ice caps. Nature, 1982. 296: p. 544-547.

574. Koike, M., et al., Ratios Of Reactive Nitrogen Species Over the Pacific During PEM-WEST A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1829-1851.

575. Kondo, Y., et al., Reactive Nitrogen Over the Pacific Ocean During PEM-WEST A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. 101(D1): p. 1809-1828.

576. Kottmeier, C. and B. Fay, Trajectories in the Antarctic lower troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998. 103(D9): p. 10,947-10,959, Yes.

577. Kreutz, K.J., Ice Core Glaciochemical Record of Late Holocene Climatic Variability in West Antarctica, in Earth Sciences. 1998, University of New Hampshire: Durham. p. 160, No.

578. Kreutz, K.J. and P.A. Mayewski, A basis for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric circulation using West Antarctic glaciochemical records. Antarctic Science, 1998: p. in press.

579. Kreutz, K.J. and P.A. Mayewski, Spatial variability of Antarctic surface snow glaciochemistry: implications for paleoatmospheric circulation reconstructions. Antarctic Science, 1999. 11(1): p. 105-118, Yes.

580. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Glaciochemical studies at Siple Dome, West Antarctica during the 1996/97 season. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1997. Review 1997: p. in press, Yes.

581. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Continuous glaciochemical measurements on the Siple Dome deep ice core. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1998. Review 1998: p. in press, Yes.

582. Kreutz, K.J., et al., The effect of spatial and temporal accumulation rate variability in West Antarctica on soluble ion deposition. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000. 27(16): p. 2517-2520, Yes.

583. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Bipolar Changes in Atmospheric Circulation During the Little Ice Age. Science, 1997. 277(29 August): p. 1294-1296, Yes.

584. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Sea-level pressure variability in the Amundsen Sea region recorded in a West Antarctic glaciochemical record. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1999. 105(D3): p. 4047-4059, Yes.

585. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Ice-core glaciochemical reconnaissance in inland West Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1996. Review 1996: p. 51-52, Yes.

586. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Seasonal variations of glaciochemical, isotopic, and stratigraphic properties in Siple Dome, Antarctica surface snow. Annals of Glaciology, 1999. 29: p. 38-44, Yes.

587. Kreutz, K.J., et al., Limited migration of soluble ionic species in a Siple Dome, Antarctica, ice core. Annals of Glaciology, 1998. 27: p. 371-377, Yes.

589. Kump, L.R., Global change - Chill taken out of the tropics. Nature, 2001. 413(6855): p. 470-471, Yes.

590. Kump, L.R., J.F. Kasting, and R.G. Crane, Daisyworld: An Introduction to Systems, in The earth system. 1999, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J. p. 19-33, Yes.

591. Kump, L.R., J.F. Kasting, and R.G. Crane, Global Energy Balance: The Greenhouse Effect

The Atmospheric Circulation System, in The earth system. 1999, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J. p. 34-54

55-78, Yes.

592. Kump, L.R., J.F. Kasting, and R.G. Crane, Recycing of the Elements: The Carbon Cycle, in The earth system. 1999, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J. p. 128-151, Yes.

593. Kurtz, D.D. and D.H. Bromwich, Satellite Observed Behavior of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983. 88(C14): p. 9717-9722.

594. Kushnir, Y., Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature and associated atmospheric conditions. Journal of Climate, 1994. 7: p. 141-157.

595. Kutzbach, J.E. and R.G. Gallimore, Sensitivity of a couple atmosphere/mixed layer ocean model to changes in orbital forcing at 9000 years B.P. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1988. 93: p. 803-821, No.

596. Kutzbach, J.E. and T. Webb III, Late Quaternary Climatic and Vegetational Change in Eastern North America: Concepts, Models, and Data, in Quaternary Landscapes, L.C.K. Shane and E.J. Cushing, Editors. 1991, University of Minnesota. p. 175-217.

597. Kwok, R. and J.C. Comiso, Southern Ocean climate and sea ice anomalies associated with the Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 2002. 15(5): p. 487-501, Yes.

598. Kyle, P.R., K. Meeker, and D. Finnegan, Emission rates of sulfur dioxide, trace gases and metals from Mount Erebus, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 1990. 14(12): p. 2125-2128.

599. Laird, K.R., et al., Greater drought intensity and frequency before A.D. 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Nature, 1996. 384: p. 552-554, Yes.

600. Laj, P., et al., Distribution Of Ca, Fe, K, and S Between Soluble and Insoluble Material In the Greenland Ice Core Project Ice Core. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26615-26623.

601. Lal, D., et al., Measurements Of In Situ C-14 Concentrations In Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Covering a 17-Kyr Time Span - Implications to Ice Flow Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26505-26510.

602. Lamb, H.F., et al., Relation between century-scale Holocene arid intervals in tropical and temperate zones. Nature, 1995. 373(12 January): p. 134-137.

603. Lamb, P.J., On the Development of Regional Climatic Scenarios for Policy-Oriented Climatic-Impact Assessment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1987. 68(9): p. 1116-1123, Yes.

604. Lamb, P.J. and R.A. Peppler, North Atlantic Oscillation: Concept and an Application. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1987. 68(10): p. 1218-1225.

605. Langford, A.O., et al., Gaseous Ammonia Fluxes And Background Concentrations In Terrestrial Ecosystems Of The United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1992. 6(4): p. 459-483.

606. Langway, C.C., Jr., H.B. Clausen, and C.U. Hammer, An inter-hemispheric volcanic time-marker in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1988. 10: p. 102-108.

607. Langway, C.C., Jr., et al., Seasonal variations of chemical constituents in an annual layer of Greenland deep ice core deposits. 1975, CRREL: Hanover, NH.

608. Langway, C.C., Jr., M. Herron, and J.H. Cragin, Chemical Profile of the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 1974. 13(69): p. 431-435.

609. Langway Jr., C.C., et al., New chemical stratigraphy over the last millenium for Byrd Station, Antarctica. Tellus, 1994. 46B: p. 40-51, Yes.

610. Lanzante, J.R., Resistant, robust and non-parametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: Theory and examples, including applications to historical radiosonde station data. International Journal of Climatology, 1996. 16(11): p. 1197-1226, Yes.

611. Laws, R.M., Antarctica and Environmental Change: Closing Remarks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1992. 338(1285): p. 329-334, Yes.

612. Lazzara, M.A., Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations Web Site Home Page. 2000, Antarctic Meteorology Research Center, University of Wisconsin.

613. Leckebusch, G.C. and P. Speth. Meteorological Interpretation of Results from Antarctic Ice Cores by Using an AGCM Under Different Paleoclimate Boundary Conditions. in 10th Global Change Studies. 1999: American Meteorological Society.

614. Ledley, T.S., Snow on Sea Ice: Competing Effects in Shaping Climate. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1991. 96(D9): p. 17,195-17,208, Yes.

615. Ledley, T.S., et al., Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases. Eos Transactions of the AGU, 1999. 80(39): p. 453, Yes.

616. Leet, L.D. and F.J. Leet, eds. The World of Geology. 1961, McGraw-Hill: New York. 262.

617. Legates, D.R. and C.J. Willmott, Mean Seasonal and Spatial Variability in Gauge-Corrected, Global Precipitation. International Journal of Climatology, 1990. 10(2): p. 111-127, Yes.

618. Legrand, M., Chemistry of Antarctic snow and ice. Journal de Physique, 1987. 48: p. 77-86, Yes.

619. Legrand, M., Ice-core records of atmospheric sulphur. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 1997. 352: p. 241-250, Yes.

620. Legrand, M. and C. Feniet-Saigne, Methanesulfonic Acid in South Polar Snow Layers: A Record of Strong El Niño? Geophysical Research Letters, 1991. 18(2): p. 187-190.

621. Legrand, M., et al., An ice-core record of oceanic dimethylsulphide emissions during the last climatic cycle. Nature, In Press.

622. Legrand, M., et al., Sulfur-Containing Species (Methanesulfonate and So4) Over the Last Climatic Cycle In the Greenland Ice Core Project (Central Greenland) Ice Core. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26663-26679.

623. Legrand, M. and S. Kirchner, Polar atmospheric circulation and chemistry of recent (1957-1983) south polar precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 1988. 15(8): p. 879-882, Yes.

624. Legrand, M. and P.A. Mayewski, Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: A review. Reviews of Geophysics, 1997. 35(3): p. 219-243.

625. Legrand, M.C., et al., Spatial and temporal variations of methanesulfonic acid and non sea salt sulfate in Antarctic ice. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1992. 14: p. 245-260.

626. Legrand, M.R. and R.J. Delmas, The ionic balance of Antarctic snow: A 10-year detailed record. Atmospheric Environment, 1984. 18(9): p. 1867-1874.

627. Legrand, M.R. and R.J. Delmas, Spatial and temporal variations of snow chemistry in Terre Adélie (East Antarctica). Annals of Glaciology, 1985. 7: p. 20-25, Yes.

628. Legrand, M.R. and R.J. Delmas, Relative contributions of tropospheric and stratospheric sources to nitrate in Antarctic snow. Tellus, 1986. Ser. B, 38: p. 236-249, Yes.

629. Legrand, M.R. and R.J. Delmas, Formation of HCl in the Antarctic atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1988. 93: p. 7153-7168.

630. Legrand, M.R. and S. Kirchner, Origins and variations of nitrate in South Polar precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1990. 95: p. 3493-3507.

631. Legrand, M.R., et al., Vostok (Antarctica) ice core: Atmospheric chemistry changes over the last climatic cycle (160,000 years). Atmospheric Environment, 1988. 22(2): p. 317-331.

632. Lettau, B., The transport of moisture into the antarctic interior. Tellus, 1969. XXI(3): p. 331-340.

633. Leuenberger, M.C., Modeling the Signal Transfer Of Seawater Delta-O-18 to the Delta-O-18 Of Atmospheric Oxygen Using a Diagnostic Box Model For the Terrestrial and Marine Biosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1997. 102(C12): p. 26841-26850.

634. Levchenko, V.A., et al., The C-14 Bomb Spike Determines the Age Spread and Age Of CO₂ In Law Dome Firn and Ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 1996. 23(23): p. 3345-3348.

635. Leventer, A., et al., Productivity cycles of 200-300 years in the Antarctic Peninsula region: Understanding linkages among the sun, atmosphere, oceans, sea ice, and biota. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1996. 108(12): p. 1626-1644.

636. Leventer, A. and R.B. Dunbar, Factors Influencing the Distribution Of Diatoms and Other Algae In the Ross Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1996. 101(C8): p. 18489-18500.